| Title: | Pipecolic acid synthesis is required for systemic acquired resistance and plant-to-plant-induced immunity in barley |
| Author(s): | Brambilla A; Lenk M; Ghirardo A; Eccleston L; Knappe C; Weber B; Lange B; Imani J; Schaffner AR; Schnitzler JP; Vlot AC; |
| Address: | "Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany. Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany. Justus Liebig University Giessen, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Giessen, Germany. University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Chair of Crop Plant Genetics, Kulmbach, Germany" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1460-2431 (Electronic) 0022-0957 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Defense responses in plants are based on complex biochemical processes. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) helps to fight infections by (hemi-)biotrophic pathogens. One important signaling molecule in SAR is pipecolic acid (Pip), accumulation of which is dependent on the aminotransferase ALD1 in Arabidopsis. While exogenous Pip primes defense responses in the monocotyledonous cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare), it is currently unclear if endogenous Pip plays a role in disease resistance in monocots. Here, we generated barley ald1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, and assessed their capacity to mount SAR. Endogenous Pip levels were reduced after infection of the ald1 mutant, and this altered systemic defense against the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Furthermore, Hvald1 plants did not emit nonanal, one of the key volatile compounds that are normally emitted by barley plants after the activation of SAR. This resulted in the inability of neighboring plants to perceive and/or respond to airborne cues and prepare for an upcoming infection, although HvALD1 was not required in the receiver plants to mediate the response. Our results highlight the crucial role of endogenous HvALD1 and Pip for SAR, and associate Pip, in particular together with nonanal, with plant-to-plant defense propagation in the monocot crop barley" |
| Keywords: | *Arabidopsis Proteins *Hordeum/genetics/microbiology Plant Immunity/genetics *Arabidopsis Plant Diseases/microbiology Blumeria graminis Hordeum vulgare Barley CRISPR/Cas9 nonanal pipecolic acid plant defense plant immunity systemic acquired resistance vol; |
| Notes: | "MedlineBrambilla, Alessandro Lenk, Miriam Ghirardo, Andrea Eccleston, Laura Knappe, Claudia Weber, Baris Lange, Birgit Imani, Jafargholi Schaffner, Anton R Schnitzler, Jorg-Peter Vlot, A Corina eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2023/03/12 J Exp Bot. 2023 May 19; 74(10):3033-3046. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad095" |
