| Title: | Quantification of VOC Emissions from Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
| Author(s): | Bialowiec A; Micuda M; Szumny A; Lyczko J; Koziel JA; |
| Address: | "Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland. andrzej.bialowiec@upwr.edu.pl. Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland. micuda.monika@gmail.com. Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland. Antoni.szumny@upwr.edu.pl. Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland. jacek.lyczko@upwr.edu.pl. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA. koziel@iastate.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules23123208 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "In this work, for the first time, the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) were quantified on a laboratory scale. The analyzed CRDF was generated from the torrefaction of municipal waste. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify 84 VOCs, including many that are toxic, e.g., derivatives of benzene or toluene. The highest emissions were measured for nonanal, octanal, and heptanal. The top 10 most emitted VOCs contributed to almost 65% of the total emissions. The VOC mixture emitted from torrefied CRDF differed from that emitted by other types of pyrolyzed biochars, produced from different types of feedstock, and under different pyrolysis conditions. SPME was a useful technology for surveying VOC emissions. Results provide an initial database of the types and relative quantities of VOCs emitted from CRDF. This data is needed for further development of CRDF technology and comprehensive assessment of environmental impact and practical storage, transport, and potential adoption of CRDF as means of energy and resource recovery from municipal waste" |
| Keywords: | Carbon/chemistry *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry *Solid Phase Microextraction Volatile Organic Compounds/*chemistry/*isolation & purification Waste Products/analysis Spme biochar municipal solid waste torrefaction volatile organic compounds waste to; |
| Notes: | "MedlineBialowiec, Andrzej Micuda, Monika Szumny, Antoni Lyczko, Jacek Koziel, Jacek A eng Research on pollutants emission from Carbonized Refuse Derived Fuel into the environment/Fulbright Foundation/ Project no. IOW05400/Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds/ Switzerland 2018/12/20 Molecules. 2018 Dec 5; 23(12):3208. doi: 10.3390/molecules23123208" |
