| Title: | Transcriptome mining of hormonal and floral integrators in the leafless flowers of three cymbidium orchids |
| Author(s): | Ahmad S; Yang K; Chen G; Huang J; Hao Y; Tu S; Zhou Y; Zhao K; Chen J; Shi X; Lan S; Liu Z; Peng D; |
| Address: | "Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China" |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043099 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1664-462X (Print) 1664-462X (Electronic) 1664-462X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Flowering is the most studied ornamental trait in orchids where long vegetative phase may span up to three years. Cymbidium orchids produce beautiful flowers with astonishing shapes and pleasant scent. However, an unusually long vegetative phase is a major drawback to their ornamental value. We observed that under certain culture conditions, three cymbidium species (Cymbidium ensifolium, C. goeringii and C. sinense) skipped vegetative growth phase and directly flowered within six months, that could be a breakthrough for future orchids with limited vegetative growth. Hormonal and floral regulators could be the key factors arresting vegetative phase. Therefore, transcriptomic analyses were performed for leafless flowers and normal vegetative leaves to ascertain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to hormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene), floral integrators and MADS-box genes. A significant difference of cytokinin and floral regulators was observed among three species as compared to other hormones. The MADS-box genes were significantly expressed in the leafless flowers of C. sinense as compared to other species. Among the key floral regulators, CONSTANS and AGAMOUS-like genes showed the most differential expression in the leafless flowers as compared to leaves where the expression was negligible. However, CONSTANS also showed downregulation. Auxin efflux carriers were mainly downregulated in the leafless flowers of C. ensifolium and C. sinense, while they were upregulated in C. goeringii. Moreover, gibberellin and cytokinin genes were also downregulated in C. ensifolium and C. sinense flowers, while they were upregulated in C. goeringii, suggesting that species may vary in their responses. The data mining thus, outsources the valuable information to direct future research on orchids at industrial levels" |
| Keywords: | leafless flowering leafless orchids phytohormones strange phenotypes transcriptomics; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEAhmad, Sagheer Yang, Kang Chen, Guizhen Huang, Jie Hao, Yang Tu, Song Zhou, Yuzhen Zhao, Kai Chen, Jinliao Shi, Xiaoling Lan, Siren Liu, Zhongjian Peng, Donghui eng Switzerland 2022/11/01 Front Plant Sci. 2022 Oct 13; 13:1043099. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043099. eCollection 2022" |
