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Int J Mol Sci

Title:		GC-MS Metabolite and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Differences of Volatile Synthesis and Gene Expression Profiling between Two Apple Varieties
Author(s):		Yang S; Li D; Li S; Yang H; Zhao Z;
Address:		"College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China. Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling 712100, China"
Journal Title:		Int J Mol Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220309
Issue:		6
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijms23062939
ISSN/ISBN:		1422-0067 (Electronic) 1422-0067 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Aroma is a key quality attribute of apples, making major contributions to commercial value and consumer choice. However, the mechanism underlying molecular regulation of aroma formation genes and transcription factors remains poorly understood in apples. Here, we investigated the aroma volatile profiles of two apple varieties with distinctive flavors using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 35 volatile compounds were identified in Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. Aldehydes were the most abundant volatiles contributing to the aroma in Granny Smith apple while esters were the dominant volatile compounds in Jonagold apple. In order to know more about the expression levels of aroma-related genes involved in the metabolic pathways, transcriptome sequencing of these two different apple varieties was conducted utilizing the Illumina platform. In total, 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, the mevalonate pathway and phenylpropanoid pathway. Furthermore, compared to the Granny Smith apple, the expression of multiple genes and transcription factors were upregulated in the Jonagold apple, which might play important roles in the synthesis of aroma volatile compounds. Our study contributes toward better understanding on the molecular mechanism of aroma synthesis in apples and provides a valuable reference for metabolic engineering and flavor improvement in the future"
Keywords:		Fruit/chemistry/genetics Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Gene Expression Profiling *Malus/chemistry/genetics Odorants/analysis Solid Phase Microextraction/methods Transcription Factors/genetics *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Gc-ms apple;
Notes:		"MedlineYang, Shunbo Li, Dongmei Li, Shanshan Yang, Huijuan Zhao, Zhengyang eng CARS-27/the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China/ Switzerland 2022/03/26 Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 9; 23(6):2939. doi: 10.3390/ijms23062939"