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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		"Antioxidative response in leaves and allelochemical changes in root exudates of Ricinus communis under Cu, Zn, and Cd stress"
Author(s):		Wang S; Zhao Y; Guo J; Liu Y;
Address:		"School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. 1216926307@qq.com"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180922
Issue:		32
Page Number:		32747 - 32755
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-018-3283-5
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"We have previously reported that Ricinus communis is a good candidate for the phytoremediation of Cd- and Zn-contaminated soil and for fuel production. In this study, changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and guaiacol peroxidase, POD) and the contents of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) in R. communis leaves under Cu, Zn, and Cd stress were examined. Compounds from the exudate of R. communis roots were collected and analyzed using GC-MS chromatograms. The results of enzyme activity showed that Cd treatment significantly increased the SOD content of R. communis leaves and slightly elevated the CAT content, whereas the POD content increased markedly at low Cd treatment concentrations and decreased as Cd concentrations increased. Zn treatment distinctly elevated SOD and POD content in R. communis leaves but had no great influence on CAT content. Cu treatment slightly increased CAT activity, while Cu did not evidently change SOD and POD activity. We found 17, 29, 18, 18, and 33 different compounds in the R. communis root exudates from the control group and Cd, Cu, Zn, and Cd+Cu+Zn treatment groups, respectively. The root exudates mainly included ester, alcohol, ether, amide, acid, phenol, alkanes, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon, and nitrile compounds. However, the root exudates of R. communis grown in uncontaminated soils were dominated by esters, alcohols, and ethers. Single Cu or Zn treatment slightly changed the root exudates, which were dominated by esters, alcohols, and amides. In the Cd and Cd+Cu+Zn treatment groups, the compositions of root exudates apparently increased, with alkanes as the major species (> 88%)"
Keywords:		"Antioxidants/analysis/*metabolism Cadmium/analysis Catalase/metabolism Chlorophyll/analysis Malondialdehyde/analysis Metals, Heavy/*toxicity Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Peroxidase/metabolism Pheromones/analysis Plant Leaves/metabolism/*physiology;"
Notes:		"MedlineWang, Shuifeng Zhao, Ye Guo, Jinghua Liu, Yuan eng 2015-02-02-05/Special Research for Public Welfare of Ministry of Land and Resources of China/ Germany 2018/09/24 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Nov; 25(32):32747-32755. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3283-5. Epub 2018 Sep 22"