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Microbiol Spectr

Title:		"Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis of Chicken Origin Harbored Chromosome-Borne optrA and Plasmid-Borne cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2 Genes"
Author(s):		Tang B; Zou C; Schwarz S; Xu C; Hao W; Yan XM; Huang Y; Ni J; Yang H; Du XD; Shan X;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"
Journal Title:		Microbiol Spectr
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230330
Issue:		3
Page Number:		e0274122 -
DOI:		10.1128/spectrum.02741-22
ISSN/ISBN:		2165-0497 (Electronic) 2165-0497 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The aim of this study was to investigate the transferability of acquired linezolid resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements in an Enterococcus faecalis isolate QZ076, cocarrying optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2 genes. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. The transfer of linezolid resistance genes was investigated by conjugation, using E. faecalis JH2-2 and clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 109 as recipients. E. faecalis QZ076 harbors four plasmids, designated pQZ076-1 to pQZ076-4, with optrA located in the chromosomal DNA. The gene cfr was located on a novel pseudocompound transposon, designated Tn7515, integrated into the 65,961-bp pCF10-like pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid pQZ076-1. Tn7515 generated 8-bp direct target duplications (5'-GATACGTA-3'). The genes cfr(D) and poxtA2 were colocated on the 16,397-bp mobilizable broad-host-range Inc18 plasmid pQZ076-4. The cfr-carrying plasmid pQZ076-1 could transfer from E. faecalis QZ076 to E. faecalis JH2-2, along with the cfr(D)- and poxtA2-cocarrying plasmid pQZ076-4, conferring the corresponding resistant phenotype to the recipient. Moreover, pQZ076-4 could also transfer to MRSA 109. To the best of our knowledge, this study presented the first report of four acquired linezolid resistance genes [optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2] being simultaneously present in the same E. faecalis isolate. The location of the cfr gene on a pseudocompound transposon in a pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid will accelerate its rapid dissemination. In addition, the cfr-carrying pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid in E. faecalis was also able to mobilize the interspecies transfer of the cfr(D)- and poxtA2-cocarrying plasmid between enterococci and staphylococci. IMPORTANCE In this study, the simultaneous occurrence of four acquired oxazolidinone resistance genes [optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2] was identified in an E. faecalis isolate of chicken origin. The association of the cfr gene with a novel pseudocompound transposon Tn7515 integrated into a pCF10-like pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid will accelerate its dissemination. Moreover, the location of the resistance genes cfr(D) and poxtA2 on a mobilizable broad-host-range Inc18 family plasmid represents the basis for their intra- and interspecies dissemination with the aid of a conjugative plasmid and further accelerates the spreading of acquired oxazolidinone resistance genes, such as cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2, among Gram-positive pathogens"
Keywords:		"Animals Linezolid/pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology Enterococcus faecalis/genetics Chickens *Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics Genes, Bacterial/genetics Plasmids/genetics *Oxazolidinones Microbia;"
Notes:		"MedlineTang, Biao Zou, Chenhui Schwarz, Stefan Xu, Chunyan Hao, Wenbo Yan, Xiao-Mei Huang, Yuting Ni, Juan Yang, Hua Du, Xiang-Dang Shan, Xinxin eng 2023/03/31 Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jun 15; 11(3):e0274122. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02741-22. Epub 2023 Mar 30"