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J Econ Entomol

Title:		Experimental use of two standard tick collection methods to evaluate the relative effectiveness of several plant-derived and synthetic repellents against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Author(s):		Schulze TL; Jordan RA; Dolan MC;
Address:		"Freehold Area Health Department, 1 Municipal Plz., Freehold, NJ 07728, USA"
Journal Title:		J Econ Entomol
Year:		2011
Volume:		104
Issue:		6
Page Number:		2062 - 2067
DOI:		10.1603/ec10421
ISSN/ISBN:		0022-0493 (Print) 0022-0493 (Linking)
Abstract:		"We used two standard tick collection methods to test the relative effectiveness of two natural product compounds (nootkatone and carvacrol, classified as an eremophilene sesquiterpene and a monoterpene, respectively, that are derived from botanical sources) with commercially-available plant-derived (EcoSMART Organic Insect Repellent, comprised of plant essential oils) and permethrin-based (Repel Permanone) repellents against Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.). Cloth drags were equally effective in sampling both species of host-seeking nymphs, whereas CO, traps attracted primarily A. americanum. All four repellents performed well on drags, with nootkatone and Permanone Repel (100% repelled through 14 d) slightly more effective than carvacrol and EcoSMART (90.7% and 97.7% repelled at 14 d, respectively) at repelling I. scapularis nymphs. Although the same trend in percent repellency was noted in the CO2 trap trial against both A. americanum nymphs and adults, EcoSMART outperformed Permanone in repelling A. Americanum nymphs after 14 d in the drag trial. Generally, the effectiveness of all repellents tested declined over time. The use of tick drags and CO2 traps was rapid, inexpensive, and easy to use in determining the relative effectiveness of repellents in the field"
Keywords:		"Animals Bedding and Linens Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology Cymenes Insect Control/*methods Insect Repellents/*pharmacology Ixodes/drug effects Ixodidae/*drug effects Monoterpenes/pharmacology New Jersey Nymph/drug effects Oils, Volatile/pharmacology Permethri;"
Notes:		"MedlineSchulze, Terry L Jordan, Robert A Dolan, Marc C eng 1U01CK000105-1,2/CK/NCEZID CDC HHS/ Evaluation Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. England 2012/02/04 J Econ Entomol. 2011 Dec; 104(6):2062-7. doi: 10.1603/ec10421"