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Amino Acids

Title:		Cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the dietary non-proteinogenic amino acid L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze)
Author(s):		Samardzic K; Rodgers KJ;
Address:		"Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences (04.06.340), University of Technology, Harris Street, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences (04.06.340), University of Technology, Harris Street, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. kenneth.rodgers@uts.edu.au"
Journal Title:		Amino Acids
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190713
Issue:		8
Page Number:		1221 - 1232
DOI:		10.1007/s00726-019-02763-w
ISSN/ISBN:		1438-2199 (Electronic) 0939-4451 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In addition to the 20 protein amino acids that are vital to human health, hundreds of naturally occurring amino acids, known as non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), exist and can enter the human food chain. Some NPAAs are toxic through their ability to mimic protein amino acids and this property is utilised by NPAA-containing plants to inhibit the growth of other plants or kill herbivores. The NPAA L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze) enters the food chain through the use of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) by-products as feed in the livestock industry and may also be found in sugar beet by-product fibre supplements. Aze mimics the protein amino acid L-proline and readily misincorporates into proteins. In light of this, we examined the toxicity of Aze to mammalian cells in vitro. We showed decreased viability in Aze-exposed cells with both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. This was accompanied by alterations in endosomal-lysosomal activity, changes to mitochondrial morphology and a significant decline in mitochondrial function. In summary, the results show that Aze exposure can lead to deleterious effects on human neuron-like cells and highlight the importance of monitoring human Aze consumption via the food chain"
Keywords:		"Azetidinecarboxylic Acid/*pharmacology *Cell Death *Diet Humans Mitochondria/drug effects/*pathology Neuroblastoma/drug therapy/*pathology Tumor Cells, Cultured Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid Mitochondria Multiple sclerosis Non-protein amino acid;"
Notes:		"MedlineSamardzic, Kate Rodgers, Kenneth J eng Austria 2019/07/16 Amino Acids. 2019 Aug; 51(8):1221-1232. doi: 10.1007/s00726-019-02763-w. Epub 2019 Jul 13"