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J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci

Title:		Monitoring of selected skin- and breath-borne volatile organic compounds emitted from the human body using gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS)
Author(s):		Mochalski P; Wiesenhofer H; Allers M; Zimmermann S; Guntner AT; Pineau NJ; Lederer W; Agapiou A; Mayhew CA; Ruzsanyi V;
Address:		"Breath Research Institute of the University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria. Electronic address: pawel.mochalski@uibk.ac.at. Breath Research Institute of the University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria. Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Hannover, Germany. Particle Technology Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O.Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. Breath Research Institute of the University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria; Molecular Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"
Journal Title:		J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180113
Issue:
Page Number:		29 - 34
DOI:		10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.013
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-376X (Electronic) 1570-0232 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Human smuggling and associated cross-border crimes have evolved as a major challenge for the European Union in recent years. Of particular concern is the increasing trend of smuggling migrants hidden inside shipping containers or trucks. Therefore, there is a growing demand for portable security devices for the non-intrusive and rapid monitoring of containers to detect people hiding inside. In this context, chemical analysis of volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the human body is proposed as a locating tool. In the present study, an in-house made ion mobility spectrometer coupled with gas chromatography (GC-IMS) was used to monitor the volatile moieties released from the human body under conditions that mimic entrapment. A total of 17 omnipresent volatile compounds were identified and quantified from 35 ion mobility peaks corresponding to human presence. These are 7 aldehydes (acrolein, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-ethacrolein, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, benzaldehyde), 3 ketones (acetone, 2-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone), 5 esters (ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, butyl acetate, ethyl isovalerate), one alcohol (2-methyl-1-propanol) and one organic acid (acetic acid). The limits of detection (0.05-7.2?ª+ppb) and relative standard deviations (0.6-11%) should be sufficient for detecting these markers of human presence in field conditions. This study shows that GC-IMS can be used as a portable field detector of hidden or entrapped people"
Keywords:		Adult Breath Tests/*methods Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods Humans Limit of Detection Male Middle Aged Reproducibility of Results Skin/*metabolism Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/*metabolism Young Adult Entrapped victims Gc-ims H;
Notes:		"MedlineMochalski, Pawel Wiesenhofer, Helmut Allers, Maria Zimmermann, Stefan Guntner, Andreas T Pineau, Nicolay J Lederer, Wolfgang Agapiou, Agapios Mayhew, Christopher A Ruzsanyi, Veronika eng Netherlands 2018/02/06 J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2018 Feb 15; 1076:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.013. Epub 2018 Jan 13"