| Title: | Noninvasive measurement of plasma glucose from exhaled breath in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects |
| Author(s): | Minh TD; Oliver SR; Ngo J; Flores R; Midyett J; Meinardi S; Carlson MK; Rowland FS; Blake DR; Galassetti PR; |
| Address: | "Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. tminh@uci.edu" |
| Journal Title: | Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab |
| DOI: | 10.1152/ajpendo.00634.2010 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1522-1555 (Electronic) 0193-1849 (Print) 0193-1849 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Effective management of diabetes mellitus, affecting tens of millions of patients, requires frequent assessment of plasma glucose. Patient compliance for sufficient testing is often reduced by the unpleasantness of current methodologies, which require blood samples and often cause pain and skin callusing. We propose that the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be used as a novel, alternative, noninvasive means to monitor glycemia in these patients. Seventeen healthy (9 females and 8 males, 28.0 +/- 1.0 yr) and eight type 1 diabetic (T1DM) volunteers (5 females and 3 males, 25.8 +/- 1.7 yr) were enrolled in a 240-min triphasic intravenous dextrose infusion protocol (baseline, hyperglycemia, euglycemia-hyperinsulinemia). In T1DM patients, insulin was also administered (using differing protocols on 2 repeated visits to separate the effects of insulinemia on breath composition). Exhaled breath and room air samples were collected at 12 time points, and concentrations of ~100 VOCs were determined by gas chromatography and matched with direct plasma glucose measurements. Standard least squares regression was used on several subsets of exhaled gases to generate multilinear models to predict plasma glucose for each subject. Plasma glucose estimates based on two groups of four gases each (cluster A: acetone, methyl nitrate, ethanol, and ethyl benzene; cluster B: 2-pentyl nitrate, propane, methanol, and acetone) displayed very strong correlations with glucose concentrations (0.883 and 0.869 for clusters A and B, respectively) across nearly 300 measurements. Our study demonstrates the feasibility to accurately predict glycemia through exhaled breath analysis over a broad range of clinically relevant concentrations in both healthy and T1DM subjects" |
| Keywords: | "Adult Blood Glucose/*analysis Breath Tests/*methods Chromatography, Gas Cluster Analysis Data Interpretation, Statistical Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood/*metabolism Feasibility Studies Female Gases/analysis Glucose/administration & dosage Glucose Clamp T;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineMinh, Timothy D C Oliver, Stacy R Ngo, Jerry Flores, Rebecca Midyett, Jason Meinardi, Simone Carlson, Matthew K Rowland, F Sherwood Blake, Donald R Galassetti, Pietro R eng K24-DK-085223/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ K24 DK085223/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ M01-RR-00827-28/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ F30-DK-088401/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ M01 RR000827/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2011/04/07 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jun; 300(6):E1166-75. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00634.2010. Epub 2011 Apr 5" |
