| Title: | An Electronic Nose for Royal Delicious Apple Quality Assessment - A Tri-layer Approach |
| Author(s): | Ezhilan M; Nesakumar N; Jayanth Babu K; Srinandan CS; Rayappan JBB; |
| Address: | "Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India. Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India. Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: rjbosco@ece.sastra.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.009 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-7145 (Electronic) 0963-9969 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Foodborne pathogens cause serious health issues and have a strong impact on the economy of the country. In this context, quality testing of royal delicious apple by detecting pathogen contamination using an electronic nose, which contains an array of six ready-made sensors, has been proposed. To estimate the types of pathogens, fresh, half and completely contaminated apple samples were considered for bacterial studies. This study revealed the presence of Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Shigella bacteria, which were in the order of zero, 10(2), 10(3)-10(4)?ª+CFU/mL. Further, the recorded headspace GC-MS spectra of contaminated samples confirmed the presence of bacterial spoilage markers namely acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde. Voltage swing of 0.2 and 0.5?ª+V was observed for half and completely contaminated apple samples respectively with reference to the fresh sample. Voltage responses of the sensors fed to Principal component analysis and Ward's method of hierarchical cluster algorithms helped to assess the quality of apple samples. By correlating the results of tri-layers namely bacterial count, GCMS data and classification results, reference table was developed and embedded in the ATmega processor of the electronic nose for real-time quality estimation of apple samples" |
| Keywords: | "Algorithms Colony Count, Microbial/instrumentation *Electronic Nose Food Analysis/instrumentation/methods Fruit/*chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*instrumentation *Malus/chemistry/microbiology Multivariate Analysis Volatile Organic Compounds;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineEzhilan, Madeshwari Nesakumar, Noel Jayanth Babu, K Srinandan, C S Rayappan, John Bosco Balaguru eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Canada 2018/05/29 Food Res Int. 2018 Jul; 109:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 Apr 11" |
