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Energy Fuels

Title:		Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines at Idle and under Load: Comparison of Biodiesel Blend and Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Fuels
Author(s):		Chin JY; Batterman SA; Northrop WF; Bohac SV; Assanis DN;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, United States. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1231 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States. Office of The Provost, Stony Brook University, 407 Administration Building, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States"
Journal Title:		Energy Fuels
Year:		2012
Volume:		26
Issue:		11
Page Number:		6737 - 6748
DOI:		10.1021/ef300421h
ISSN/ISBN:		0887-0624 (Print) 0887-0624 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Diesel exhaust emissions have been reported for a number of engine operating strategies, after-treatment technologies, and fuels. However, information is limited regarding emissions of many pollutants during idling and when biodiesel fuels are used. This study investigates regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 L) and medium-duty (6.4 L) diesel engines at idle and load and compares a biodiesel blend (B20) to conventional ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Exhaust aftertreatment devices included a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particle filter (DPF). For the 1.7 L engine under load without a DOC, B20 reduced brake-specific emissions of particulate matter (PM), elemental carbon (EC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to ULSD; however, formaldehyde brake-specific emissions increased. With a DOC and high load, B20 increased brake-specific emissions of NMHC, nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), formaldehyde, naphthalene, and several other VOCs. For the 6.4 L engine under load, B20 reduced brake-specific emissions of PM(2.5), EC, formaldehyde, and most VOCs; however, NO(x) brake-specific emissions increased. When idling, the effects of fuel type were different: B20 increased NMHC, PM(2.5), EC, formaldehyde, benzene, and other VOC emission rates from both engines, and changes were sometimes large, e.g., PM(2.5) increased by 60% for the 6.4 L/2004 calibration engine, and benzene by 40% for the 1.7 L engine with the DOC, possibly reflecting incomplete combustion and unburned fuel. Diesel exhaust emissions depended on the fuel type and engine load (idle versus loaded). The higher emissions found when using B20 are especially important given the recent attention to exposures from idling vehicles and the health significance of PM(2.5). The emission profiles demonstrate the effects of fuel type, engine calibration, and emission control system, and they can be used as source profiles for apportionment, inventory, and exposure purposes"
Keywords:
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEChin, Jo-Yu Batterman, Stuart A Northrop, William F Bohac, Stanislav V Assanis, Dennis N eng P30 ES017885/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ 2012/11/15 Energy Fuels. 2012 Nov 15; 26(11):6737-6748. doi: 10.1021/ef300421h"