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Protoplasma

Title:		Osmophores of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae): a particular structure of the androecium that releases an unusual scent
Author(s):		Paiva EAS; Dotterl S; De-Paula OC; Schlindwein C; Souto LS; Vitarelli NC; da Silva CI; Mateus S; Alves-Dos-Santos I; Oliveira DMT;
Address:		"Departamento de Botanica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. epaiva@icb.ufmg.br. Department of Biosciences, Plant Ecology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38405-315, Brazil. Departamento de Botanica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. Departamento de Biologia, CCHB, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil. Departamento de Educacao e Ciencias, Nucleo de Biologia, Instituto Federal de Ciencias e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais (IFSUDESTEMG, Campus Juiz de Fora), Rua Bernardo Mascarenhas, 1283 - Bairro Fabrica, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Departamento de Ecologia, IBUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil. Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-900, Brazil"
Journal Title:		Protoplasma
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190222
Issue:		4
Page Number:		971 - 981
DOI:		10.1007/s00709-019-01356-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1615-6102 (Electronic) 0033-183X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Caryocar brasiliense is a flagship species of the Brazilian Cerrado. It produces flowers with a strong peculiar scent, which are pollinated by bats and occasionally moths with short mouthparts. However, the cues responsible for attracting these nocturnal pollinators remain unknown. We aimed to identify osmophores of C. brasiliense, describe the ultrastructure of the cells involved in the synthesis and release of floral odour, and identify the constituents of the floral bouquet. We performed field observations and histochemical and ultrastructural analyses of flowers focusing on the androecium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse the scents emitted. Filament epidermal cells were found to possess an unusual shape and be responsible for the main production and release of odour. These cells, called foraminous cells, are elongate and possess pores where their cell walls are abruptly thin. The cuticle is practically absent over the pores, which facilitates odour emission. The foraminous cells have conspicuous nuclei and organelle-rich cytoplasm where oil droplets can be seen prior to anthesis. The features of these cells remain similar during anthesis, but many vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and the number of oil droplets in the cytosol decreases. Twenty-nine components were found in the scent, especially fatty acid derivatives and N- and S-bearing compounds. Our analyses revealed that the androecium of C. brasiliense has a particular structure that acts as an osmophore. The scent from the androecium resembles that of the entire flower, which is an unprecedented finding for a plant with single flowers as the pollination unit"
Keywords:		Ericales/physiology/*ultrastructure Flowers/chemistry/cytology/physiology/*ultrastructure Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Odorants/*analysis Plant Cells/physiology/ultrastructure Pollination Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/chemistry Cell;
Notes:		"MedlinePaiva, Elder Antonio Sousa Dotterl, Stefan De-Paula, Orlando Cavalari Schlindwein, Clemens Souto, Leticia Silva Vitarelli, Narah Costa da Silva, Claudia Ines Mateus, Sidnei Alves-Dos-Santos, Isabel Oliveira, Denise Maria Trombert eng AUX-PE-PRODOC 2605/2010/Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior/ CRA-PPM-00272-11/Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais/ 312831-2013-7/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico/ 308117/2014-0/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico/ 306790-2015-7/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico/ 309216/2016-8/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico/ PVE 401466/2014-0/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico/ Austria 2019/02/24 Protoplasma. 2019 Jul; 256(4):971-981. doi: 10.1007/s00709-019-01356-4. Epub 2019 Feb 22"