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Environ Pollut

Title:		"Spatial trends of chlorinated paraffins and dechloranes in air and soil in a tropical urban, suburban, and rural environment"
Author(s):		Nipen M; Vogt RD; Bohlin-Nizzetto P; Borga K; Mwakalapa EB; Borgen AR; Jorgensen SJ; Ntapanta SM; Mmochi AJ; Schlabach M; Breivik K;
Address:		"Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway; NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway. Electronic address: majanip@kjemi.uio.no. Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway. NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway. Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Department of Natural Sciences, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania. Department of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1091, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Institute for Marine Science, University of Dar Es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway; NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2022
Volume:		20211006
Issue:		Pt A
Page Number:		118298 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118298
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"There are large knowledge gaps concerning environmental levels and fate of many organic pollutants, particularly for chemicals of emerging concern in tropical regions of the Global South. In this study, we investigated the levels of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and dechloranes in air and soil in rural, suburban, and urban regions in and around Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Samples were also collected near the city's main municipal waste dumpsite and an electronic waste (e-waste) handling facility. In passive air samples, short chain CPs (SCCPs) dominated, with an average estimated concentration of 22 ng/m(3), while medium chain CPs (MCCPs) had an average estimated concentration of 9 ng/m(3). The average estimated air concentration of summation operatordechloranes (Dechlorane Plus (DP) + Dechlorane 602 + Dechlorane 603) was three to four orders of magnitudes lower, 2 pg/m(3). In soil samples, MCCPs dominated with an average concentration of 640 ng/g dw, followed by SCCPs with an average concentration of 330 ng/g dw, and summation operatordechloranes with an average concentration of 0.9 ng/g dw. In both air and soil, DP was the dominating dechlorane compound. Urban pulses were observed for CPs and dechloranes in air and soil. CPs were in addition found in elevated levels at the municipal waste dumpsite and the e-waste handling facility, while DPs were found in elevated levels at the e-waste handling facility. This suggests that waste handling sites represent important emission sources for these pollutants. Investigations into seasonal trends and environmental fate of CPs and dechloranes showed that monsoonal rain patterns play a major role in governing air concentrations and mobility, particularly for the less volatile MCCPs and dechloranes. This study is the first to report levels of CPs in air from sub-Saharan Africa, and DP, Dechlorane 602, and Dechlorane 603 in soil from sub-Saharan Africa"
Keywords:		"China Environmental Monitoring *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis *Paraffin/analysis Soil Tanzania E-waste Environmental fate MCCPs Passive air sampling SCCPs Urban pulse;"
Notes:		"MedlineNipen, Maja Vogt, Rolf David Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla Borga, Katrine Mwakalapa, Eliezer Brown Borgen, Anders Rosrud Jorgensen, Susanne Jontvedt Ntapanta, Samwel Moses Mmochi, Aviti John Schlabach, Martin Breivik, Knut eng England 2021/10/10 Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 1; 292(Pt A):118298. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118298. Epub 2021 Oct 6"