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J Evol Biol

Title:		Reproductive division of labour and thelytoky result in sympatric barriers to gene flow in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)
Author(s):		Neumann P; Hartel S; Kryger P; Crewe RM; Moritz RF;
Address:		"Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Bern, Switzerland. peter.neumann@alp.admin.ch"
Journal Title:		J Evol Biol
Year:		2011
Volume:		20101102
Issue:		2
Page Number:		286 - 294
DOI:		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02167.x
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-9101 (Electronic) 1010-061X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Determining the extent and causes of barriers to gene flow is essential for understanding sympatric speciation, but the practical difficulties of quantifying reproductive isolation remain an obstacle to analysing this process. Social parasites are common in eusocial insects and tend to be close phylogenetic relatives of their hosts (= Emery's rule). Sympatric speciation caused by reproductive isolation between host and parasite is a possible evolutionary pathway. Socially parasitic workers of the Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis, produce female clonal offspring parthenogenetically and invade colonies of the neighbouring subspecies A. m. scutellata. In the host colony, socially parasitic workers can become pseudoqueens, an intermediate caste with queenlike pheromone secretion. Here, we show that over an area of approximately 275.000 km(2), all parasitic workers bear the genetic signature of a clone founded by a single ancestral worker genotype. Any gene flow from the host to the parasite is impossible because honeybee workers cannot mate. Gene flow from the parasite to the host is possible, as parasitic larvae can develop into queens. However, we show that despite sympatric coexistence for more than a decade, gene flow between host and social parasite (F(st) = 0.32) and hybridizations (0.71%) are rare, resulting in reproductive isolation. Our data suggest a new barrier to gene flow in sympatry, which is not based on assortative matings but on thelytoky and reproductive division of labour in eusocial insects, thereby suggesting a new potential pathway to Emery's rule"
Keywords:		"Animals Bees/classification/*genetics Female Gene Expression Regulation/genetics Gene Flow Genetic Variation Genotype Hierarchy, Social Parthenogenesis/*genetics;"
Notes:		"MedlineNeumann, P Hartel, S Kryger, P Crewe, R M Moritz, R F A eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2010/11/04 J Evol Biol. 2011 Feb; 24(2):286-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02167.x. Epub 2010 Nov 2"