| Title: | "Distribution patterns of brominated, chlorinated, and phosphorus flame retardants with particle size in indoor and outdoor dust and implications for human exposure" |
| Author(s): | Cao Z; Xu F; Covaci A; Wu M; Wang H; Yu G; Wang B; Deng S; Huang J; Wang X; |
| Address: | "POPs Research Center, School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Dust samples were collected in Beijing, China, from four different indoor microenvironments (office, hotel, kindergarten, and student dormitory) and one outdoor (road dust) microenvironment. These five composite samples were fractionated into 13 sequential size fractions and an individual fraction of <50 mum for further analysis. In the fractions of <50 mum, nine phosphorus flame retardants ( summation operatorPFRs), four novel brominated flame retardants ( summation operatorNBFRs), and two Dechlorane Plus isomers (DPs) showed the highest concentrations in hotel dust (124,000 ng g(-1)), dormitory dust (14,200 ng g(-1)), and kindergarten dust (231 ng g(-1)), respectively. Nevertheless, nine polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( summation operatorPBDEs) were the dominant flame retardants (FRs) (96% of total FRs) in road dust, with the maximum concentration of 23,700 ng g(-1), higher than in any indoor dust. The FR contamination varied strongly among different types of microenvironments, leading to high human exposure to various FRs. Concentrations of FRs did not increase constantly with a particle size decrease. Fractions with a particle size around 900, 100, and 10 mum could represent peak values, while valley values were commonly detected around fractions with a particle size around 40 mum. Large differences were found between indoor dust and road dust. In road dust, FRs were mainly enriched in fractions of <50 mum. The organic content of dust, FR application, and consequent abrasion processes of FR-containing materials might be the determinants of the FR concentrations. Volatilization and abrasion were considered to be important migration pathways for FRs. DPs and BDE-209 were sought to be mainly applied in abrasion-proof materials, while most phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) were probably added in a large proportion in materials easy to wear" |
| Keywords: | "Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis China Dust/analysis Flame Retardants/*analysis Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/*analysis Housing/standards Humans Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis Inhalation Exposure/*analysis Organophosphorus Compo;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineCao, Zhiguo Xu, Fuchao Covaci, Adrian Wu, Min Wang, Haizhu Yu, Gang Wang, Bin Deng, Shubo Huang, Jun Wang, Xiaoyan eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2014/07/11 Environ Sci Technol. 2014; 48(15):8839-46. doi: 10.1021/es501224b. Epub 2014 Jul 17" |
