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Plant Physiol Biochem

Title:		Dynamic regulation of volatile terpenoid production and emission from Chrysanthemum morifolium capitula
Author(s):		Zhang W; Jiang Y; Chen F; Guan Z; Wei G; Chen X; Zhang C; Kollner TG; Chen S; Chen F; Chen F;
Address:		"Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. Electronic address: jiangyifan@njau.edu.cn. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. Electronic address: fengc@utk.edu"
Journal Title:		Plant Physiol Biochem
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220415
Issue:
Page Number:		11 - 21
DOI:		10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.039
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-2690 (Electronic) 0981-9428 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Flower-associated communities consist of both mutualistic and antagonistic organisms. We have limited knowledge on how flowers regulate volatiles to balance their defense against antagonists and the attraction of beneficial organisms necessary for reproductive success. Asteraceae is the largest family among flowering plants. Its representatives are characterized by unique inflorescence called capitulum, which has been reduced to a reproduction unit resembling a single flower. Here, we chose Chrysanthemum morifolium, a model species of Asteraceae, to investigate how the capitulum balances the accumulation and emission of floral terpenoid volatiles that are implicated in defense and pollinator attraction, respectively. Our results showed that the capitula of C. morifolium produce and emit complex mixtures of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The highest concentrations of terpenoids were detected in the bud stage of the capitula. In contrast, the capitulum reached the highest emission level prior to full blooming. The disc florets were the dominant organs of terpenoid accumulation and emission in the full-openness stage. To understand the molecular basis of volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in C. morifolium, experiments were designed to study terpene synthase (TPS) genes, which are pivotal for terpene biosynthesis. Eight CmCJTPS genes were identified in the transcriptomes of C. morifolium, and the proteins encoded by five genes were found to be biochemically functional. CmCJTPS5 and CmCJTPS8 were the multi-product enzymes catalyzing the monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid formation, which closely matched the major terpenoids produced in the flower heads. The five functional terpene synthase genes exhibited similar temporal expression patterns but diverse spatial expression levels, suggesting tissue-specific functions. Altogether, our results illustrate the dynamic patterns of accumulation and emission of floral volatile terpenoids implicated in defense and attracting pollinators in C. morifolium, for which both the regulation of TPS gene expression and the regulation of release may play critical roles"
Keywords:		"*Chrysanthemum/metabolism Flowers/metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Monoterpenes/metabolism Terpenes/metabolism Transcriptome Biochemical function Biosynthesis Capitulum Chrysanthemum morifolium Floral scent Terpene synthase Volatile emission;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Wanbo Jiang, Yifan Chen, Fei Guan, Zhiyong Wei, Guo Chen, Xinlu Zhang, Chi Kollner, Tobias G Chen, Sumei Chen, Fadi Chen, Feng eng France 2022/04/23 Plant Physiol Biochem. 2022 Jul 1; 182:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.039. Epub 2022 Apr 15"