| Title: | Herbivore-specific induction of indirect and direct defensive responses in leaves and roots |
| Author(s): | Xiao L; Carrillo J; Siemann E; Ding J; |
| Address: | "Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2041-2851 (Print) 2041-2851 (Electronic) |
| Abstract: | "Herbivory can induce both general and specific responses in plants that modify direct and indirect defence against subsequent herbivory. The type of induction (local versus systemic induction, single versus multiple defence induction) likely depends both on herbivore identity and relationships among different responses. We examined the effects of two above-ground chewing herbivores (caterpillar, weevil) and one sucking herbivore (aphid) on indirect defence responses in leaves and direct defence responses in both leaves and roots of tallow tree, Triadica sebifera. We also included foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). We found that chewing herbivores and MeJA increased above-ground defence chemicals but SA only increased below-ground total flavonoids. Herbivory or MeJA increased above-ground indirect defence response (extrafloral nectar) but SA decreased it. Principal component analysis showed there was a trade-off between increasing total root phenolics and tannins (MeJA, chewing) versus latex and total root flavonoids (aphid, SA). For individual flavonoids, there was evidence for systemic induction (quercetin), trade-offs between compounds (quercetin versus kaempferitrin) and trade-offs between above-ground versus below-ground production (isoquercetin). Our results suggest that direct and indirect defence responses in leaves and roots depend on herbivore host range and specificity along with feeding mode. We detected relationships among some defence response types, while others were independent. Including multiple types of insects to examine defence inductions in leaves and roots may better elucidate the complexity and specificity of defence responses of plants" |
| Keywords: | Above- and below-ground interactions extrafloral nectar herbivory secondary chemicals tallow tree trade-offs; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEXiao, Li Carrillo, Juli Siemann, Evan Ding, Jianqing eng England 2019/02/23 AoB Plants. 2019 Feb 1; 11(1):plz003. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plz003. eCollection 2019 Feb" |
