| Title: | "Indoor-outdoor relationships of airborne nanoparticles, BC and VOCs at rural and urban preschools" |
| Author(s): | Portela NB; Teixeira EC; Agudelo-Castaneda DM; Civeira MDS; Silva LFO; Vigo A; Kumar P; |
| Address: | "Postgraduate Program in Remote Sensing, Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 - Via Puerto, Barranquilla, Atlantico, 081007, Colombia. Electronic address: dayanam25@gmail.com. Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgic and Material Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil. Civil and Environmental Department, Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla, Atlantico, 080002, Colombia. Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil. Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115751 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Health risks caused by exposure to black carbon (BC) and nanoparticles (NP) are well studied, although no standard currently exists for them worldwide. Exposure to children may lead to serious health effects due to their increased vulnerability and longer time spend inside the classrooms, making it important to assess the factors that affect air quality in preschools. Thus, this work aims to evaluate indoor-outdoor (I/O) relationships of NPs in the 10-420 nm range, BC and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at rural and urban preschools (aged 3-5 years) between May 2016 and July 2017. Factorial analysis was applied to identify the possible emission sources. Prior communalities were estimated by the squared multiple correlations with all other variables. We used the varimax rotation method and the criterion for factor selection was the number of eigenvalues greater than one. Results indicate that BC and NP were 4- and 3.2-times higher in urban outdoor caused by traffic emissions, respectively. Highest concentrations occurred during rush hours and during the pickup time of children. In urban school, BC was directly related to accumulation mode (N(49-205)), while in the rural area, BC was related to local traffic and particles from pulp industries in the regional background. Nucleation mode (N(11-36)) was related to traffic emissions in urban school, while in the rural school was related with secondary formation of particles. Mean I/O ratios of BC and NP in the urban (0.54; 0.51) and rural (0.71; 0.91) schools, respectively, suggested that their higher concentrations occurred in outdoors. VOCs were higher indoor in urban (I/O = 1.97) and rural (I/O = 2.22) sites, indicating these pollutants are generated inside, regardless of urban or rural sites. These findings suggest the necessity of improving ventilation and commuting styles to lower the exposure of children to air pollutants in and around school environments" |
| Keywords: | "*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Child Child, Preschool Environmental Monitoring Humans *Nanoparticles Particulate Matter/analysis Schools *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Airborne nanoparticles Black carbon Indoor-outdoor rati;" |
| Notes: | "MedlinePortela, Nicole Becker Teixeira, Elba Calesso Agudelo-Castaneda, Dayana Milena Civeira, Matheus da Silva Silva, Luis Felipe Oliveira Vigo, Alvaro Kumar, Prashant eng England 2020/11/05 Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 1; 268(Pt A):115751. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115751. Epub 2020 Sep 28" |
