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Environ Pollut

Title:		Assessment of air quality in preschool environments (3-5 years old children) with emphasis on elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5
Author(s):		Oliveira M; Slezakova K; Delerue-Matos C; Pereira MC; Morais S;
Address:		"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal. LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: mcsp@fe.up.pt. REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: sbm@isep.ipp.pt"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160422
Issue:
Page Number:		430 - 439
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.046
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study evaluated concentrations of main air pollutants in a Portuguese preschool (indoors/outdoors) environment, with emphasis on elemental characterization of different PM fractions, and estimated risks for the pupils (aged 3-5 years). With exception to total volatile organic compounds, levels of PM10, PM2.5, CO, CO2, and formaldehyde were below legislative guidelines. Calcium, sodium, aluminium, and potassium were the most abundant elements in indoor PM (82-84% of the analysed content) resulting mainly from crustal sources. Carcinogenic elements (1-2% of the indoor analysed content) were mostly PM2.5-bound (83-91%). Indoor-to-outdoor ratios of individual elements indicated contributions of indoor origin and from penetration of outdoor emissions indoors; trace metals were associated with ambient anthropogenic emissions (namely traffic). Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from overall preschool exposure were acceptable for children; for adults carcinogenic risks exceeded (4-11 times) the USEPA recommend value of 10(-6), being 8-40 times higher than for children"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis/*chemistry Air Pollution/*analysis Carbon Dioxide/analysis Carbon Monoxide/analysis Formaldehyde/analysis Humans Particle Size Particulate Matter/*analysis/*chemistry *Schools, Nursery Trace Elements/analysis Volatile Organic Comp;"
Notes:		"MedlineOliveira, Marta Slezakova, Klara Delerue-Matos, Cristina Pereira, Maria Carmo Morais, Simone eng England 2016/04/27 Environ Pollut. 2016 Jul; 214:430-439. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.046. Epub 2016 Apr 22"