| Title: | "Effects of allelochemical artemisinin in Artemisia annua on Microcystis aeruginosa: growth, death mode, and microcystin-LR changes" |
| Author(s): | Ni L; Wu H; Du C; Li X; Li Y; Xu C; Wang P; Li S; Zhang J; Chen X; |
| Address: | "Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, MOE, School of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China. School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China. lishiyin@njnu.edu.cn. Jiangsu Provincial Water Conservancy Department, Nanjing, 210029, China. Cyanobacteria Management Office, Wuxi, 214071, China" |
| Journal Title: | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-021-13793-x |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "To investigate the effects of an allelochemical artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua (A. annua) on cell growth, death mode, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) changes of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), a series of morphological and biochemical characteristics were studied. The results showed that artemisinin could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa and reduce the content of phycobiliprotein. Under the allelopathy of artemisinin, algae cells deformed due to swelling, which caused cell membranes to rupture and cell contents to leak. FDA/PI double-staining results showed that 15.10-94.90% of algae cells experienced the death mode of necrosis-like. Moreover, there were 8.35-14.50% of algae cells undergoing programmed cell death, but their caspase-3-like protease activity remained unchanged, which may mean that algae cells were not experiencing caspase-dependent apoptosis under artemisinin stress. Attacked by artemisinin directly, both intracellular and extracellular MC-LR increased sharply with the upregulation of mcyB, mcyD, and mcyH. The upregulation multiple of mcyH suggested that M. aeruginosa could accelerate transportation of algal toxin under adverse conditions of artemisinin. Artemisinin not only can inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa but it also causes the accelerated release and increase of microcystin-LR. These imply that the application of artemisinin should be reconsidered in practical water bodies" |
| Keywords: | *Artemisia annua *Artemisinins Marine Toxins Microcystins *Microcystis Pheromones Artemisinin Death mode Microcystin-LR Microcystis aeruginosa Necrosis-like; |
| Notes: | "MedlineNi, Lixiao Wu, Hanqi Du, Cunhao Li, Xianglan Li, Yan Xu, Chu Wang, Peifang Li, Shiyin Zhang, Jianhua Chen, Xuqing eng No. 51779079/the National Natural Science Foundation/ NO.51979137/the National Natural Science Foundation of China (CN)/ No. BK20181313/the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ Germany 2021/04/17 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep; 28(33):45253-45265. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13793-x. Epub 2021 Apr 16" |
