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Environ Toxicol Pharmacol

Title:		"Distributions of selected urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and smoking status in a representative sample of U.S. adults"
Author(s):		Jain RB;
Address:		"2959 Estate View Court, Dacula, GA 30019, United States. Electronic address: Jain.ram.b@gmail.com"
Journal Title:		Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20150726
Issue:		2
Page Number:		471 - 479
DOI:		10.1016/j.etap.2015.07.018
ISSN/ISBN:		1872-7077 (Electronic) 1382-6689 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2011-2012 were used to evaluate variability in the observed levels of 19 urinary metabolites of 15 parent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Smokers were found to have statistically significantly higher adjusted levels than nonsmokers for selected urinary metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, carbon-disulfide, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylbenzene-styrene, propylene oxide, styrene, and xylene. Female nonsmokers were found to have lower adjusted levels of selected metabolites of acrolein, carbon-disulfide, and N,N-dimethylformamide than male nonsmokers but female smokers had higher levels of each of these metabolites than male smokers. In addition, female smokers also had higher adjusted levels of selected metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, and ethylbenzene-styrene. Thus, constituents other than VOCs in tobacco smoke affect excretion of certain VOC metabolites differently among males and females. Non-Hispanic whites (NHW) had higher adjusted levels than non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) for 8 metabolites. NHB had statistically significantly lower adjusted levels than Hispanics for 5 VOC metabolites and lower levels than non-Hispanic Asians (NHAS) for 6 metabolites. Hispanics had statistically significantly higher levels than NHAS for 5 metabolites. Levels of 11 of the 19 metabolites analyzed increased with increase in age. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home was associated with increased levels of 9 metabolites. Increase in the number of days tobacco products were used during the last five days was associated with increased levels of 12 of the 19 VOC metabolites"
Keywords:		Adult Black or African American/statistics & numerical data Age Factors Air Pollutants/*urine Asian/statistics & numerical data Environmental Monitoring/*methods Female Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data Humans Inhalation Exposure/*analysis Ma;
Notes:		"MedlineJain, Ram B eng Netherlands 2015/08/19 Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Sep; 40(2):471-9. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.07.018. Epub 2015 Jul 26"