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Int Health

Title:		"The interruption of transmission of onchocerciasis in Kaduna, Kebbi and Zamfara states, Nigeria: another milestone achievement"
Author(s):		Isiyaku S; Igbe M; Madaki S; Hamill LC; Ndongmo P; Adamani W; Bush S; Shu'aibu J; Elhassan E; Saka Y; Anyaike C; Akpan NM; Joel A; Nyior A; Abdullahi A; Aleiro A; Labbo A; Mafuyai HB; Nwoke BEB;
Address:		"Sightsavers, Golf Course Road, P.O. Box 503, Kaduna, Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria, P.M.B. 083, Garki Abuja, Nigeria. Sightsavers, 35 Perrymount Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 3BZ, UK. Sightsavers, Derriere Laboratoire Meka, Bastos, Yaounde, BP 4484, Cameroon. Kaduna State Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 3547, Kaduna, Nigeria. Kebbi State Ministry of Health, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Zamfara State Ministry of Health, Gusau, Nigeria. University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, 930001, Plateau, Nigeria. Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria"
Journal Title:		Int Health
Year:		2022
Volume:		14
Issue:		Suppl 2
Page Number:		ii43 - ii54
DOI:		10.1093/inthealth/ihac036
ISSN/ISBN:		1876-3405 (Electronic) 1876-3413 (Print) 1876-3405 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: More than 40 million people live in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Nigeria. For at least 19 y, mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin was implemented with at least 65% total population coverage in Kaduna, Kebbi and Zamfara states. Impact surveys done using skin biopsies yielded no infections. Serological and entomological assessments were undertaken to determine if onchocerciasis transmission had been interrupted and MDA could be stopped. METHODS: The presence of onchocerciasis-specific immunoglobulin G4 antibody was measured by enzyme=linked immunosorbent assay conducted on dried blood spots collected from 5- to 9-year-old children resident in each state. O-150 polymerase chain reaction testing of Simulium damnosum s.l. heads for Onchocerca volvulus DNA was done on black flies collected by human landing capture and Esperanza window traps. RESULTS: A total of 9078 children were surveyed across the three states. A total of 6139 vectors were collected from Kaduna state, 129 from Kebbi state and 2 from Zamfara state; all were negative. Kebbi and Zamfara states did thousands of hours of black fly catching and intensive river prospecting. The resulting low fly catch was due to a low fly population incapable of sustaining transmission. CONCLUSION: Onchocerciasis transmission has been interrupted and the three states meet World Health Organization thresholds: seropositivity in children <0.1% and <1/2000 infective black flies with 95% confidence. The 2.2 million people in Kaduna state and 4 million in Kebbi and Zamfara states no longer need ivermectin for onchocerciasis"
Keywords:		"Animals Child Child, Preschool Humans Immunoglobulins Immunosorbents Ivermectin/therapeutic use Nigeria/epidemiology *Onchocerciasis/epidemiology *Simuliidae Simulium Ov16 serological assessment black flies entomological assessment onchocerciasis stopping;"
Notes:		"MedlineIsiyaku, Sunday Igbe, Michael Madaki, Suzie Hamill, Louise C Ndongmo, Patrick Adamani, William Bush, Simon Shu'aibu, Joy Elhassan, Elizabeth Saka, Yisa Anyaike, Chukwuma Akpan, Nse Michael Joel, Akilah Nyior, Audrey Abdullahi, Alhassan Aleiro, Attahiru Labbo, Abdullahi Mafuyai, Hayward Babale Nwoke, Bertram E B eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2022/09/22 Int Health. 2022 Sep 21; 14(Suppl 2):ii43-ii54. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac036"