| Title: | Deleterious effects of incense smoke exposure on kidney function and architecture in male albino rats |
| Author(s): | Hussain T; Al-Attas OS; Alrokayan SA; Ahmed M; Al-Daghri NM; Al-Ameri S; Pervez S; Dewangan S; Mohammed A; Gambhir D; Sumague TS; |
| Address: | "a Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . b Department of Biochemistry , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . c Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . d Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . e Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and. f School of Studies in Chemistry, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University , Chhattisgarh , Raipur , India" |
| DOI: | 10.1080/08958378.2016.1179372 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1091-7691 (Electronic) 0895-8378 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "CONTEXT: Previous studies, including ours, have shown adverse effects of incense smoke on human health. However, the effect of incense smoke on kidney function and structure remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible adverse effects of incense smoke on kidney function and architecture in albino rats after chronic exposure to Arabian incense. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Emission characteristics including particle size distribution, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gravimetric and GCMS analyses. Kidney functional markers, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were measured by standard or ELISA based procedures. Ultrastructural changes in kidney were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the gene expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes including cytochrome P-450-1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1A2 were studied by real time PCR. RESULTS: Rats exposed to incense smoke demonstrated a significant increase in serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels and a significant decline in tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity. Incense smoke exposed rats also displayed marked ultrastructural changes in kidney tissue. Further, a significant increase in tissue gene expression of both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 was noted in exposed rats. DISCUSSION: Changes to kidney functional markers and architecture appear to be mediated through augmented oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to incense smoke may have deleterious effects on kidney function and architecture. Though, inhalation is the rout of exposure, findings of this study underscore that incense smoke may also have an effect on non-pulmonary tissues" |
| Keywords: | Animals Blood Urea Nitrogen Catalase/metabolism Creatinine/blood Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics Gene Expression/drug effects Glutathione/metabolism Interleukin-4/metabolism Kidney/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology/physi; |
| Notes: | "MedlineHussain, Tajamul Al-Attas, Omar S Alrokayan, Salman A Ahmed, Mukhtar Al-Daghri, Nasser M Al-Ameri, Salman Pervez, Shamsh Dewangan, Shippi Mohammed, Arif Gambhir, Dikshit Sumague, Terrance S eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2016/05/18 Inhal Toxicol. 2016 Jul; 28(8):364-73. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1179372. Epub 2016 May 15" |
