| Title: | Emergence and fate of volatile iodinated organic compounds during biological treatment of oil and gas produced water |
| Author(s): | Almaraz N; Regnery J; Vanzin GF; Riley SM; Ahoor DC; Cath TY; |
| Address: | "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany. Electronic address: jregnery@mines.edu. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA; Water Quality Research and Development Division, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA. Electronic address: tcath@mines.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134202 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Oil and gas (O&G) production in the United States is expected to grow at a substantial rate over the coming decades. Environmental sustainability related to water consumption during O&G extraction can be addressed through treatment and reuse of water returning to the surface after well completion. Water quality is an important factor in reuse applications, and specific treatment technologies must be utilized to remove different contaminants. Among others, biological active filtration can remove dissolved organic matter as a pre-treatment for surface discharge or to facilitate reuse in such applications as hydraulic fracturing, dust suppression, road stabilization, and crop irrigation. Yet, the formation of byproducts during treatment of O&G wastewater remains a concern when evaluating reuse applications. In this study, we investigated the previously unnoticed biotic formation of iodinated organic compounds (IOCs) such as triiodomethane during biological treatment of O&G wastewater for beneficial reuse. Iodide and several IOCs were quantified in O&G produced water before and after treatment in biological active filters filled with different media types over 13?ª+weeks of operation. While iodide and total IOCs were measured at concentrations <53?ª+mg/L and 147?ª+mug/L, respectively, before biological treatment, total IOCs were measured at concentrations close to 4?ª+mg/L after biological treatment. Triiodomethane was the IOC that was predominantly present. IOC formation had a negative strong correlation (r?ª+=?ª+-0.7 to -0.8, p?ª+ |
| Keywords: | "*Hydraulic Fracking *Volatile Organic Compounds Wastewater/analysis Water *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis *Water Purification Biologically active filters Hydraulic fracturing Iodide oxidation Iodinated disinfection byproducts Produced water Water reu;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineAlmaraz, Nohemi Regnery, Julia Vanzin, Gary F Riley, Stephanie M Ahoor, Danika C Cath, Tzahi Y eng Netherlands 2020/01/10 Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jan 10; 699:134202. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134202. Epub 2019 Sep 2" |
