| Title: | Take time to smell the frogs: vocal sac glands of reed frogs (Anura: Hyperoliidae) contain species-specific chemical cocktails |
| Author(s): | Starnberger I; Poth D; Peram PS; Schulz S; Vences M; Knudsen J; Barej MF; Rodel MO; Walzl M; Hodl W; |
| Address: | "Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Wien 1090, Austria" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0024-4066 (Print) 1095-8312 (Electronic) 0024-4066 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Males of all reed frog species (Anura: Hyperoliidae) have a prominent, often colourful, gular patch on their vocal sac, which is particularly conspicuous once the vocal sac is inflated. Although the presence, shape, and form of the gular patch are well-known diagnostic characters for these frogs, its function remains unknown. By integrating biochemical and histological methods, we found strong evidence that the gular patch is a gland producing volatile compounds, which might be emitted while calling. Volatile compounds were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the gular glands in 11 species of the hyperoliid genera Afrixalus, Heterixalus, Hyperolius, and Phlyctimantis. Comparing the gular gland contents of 17 specimens of four sympatric Hyperolius species yielded a large variety of 65 compounds in species-specific combinations. We suggest that reed frogs might use a complex combination of at least acoustic and chemical signals in species recognition and mate choice" |
| Keywords: | Afrixalus Amphibia Heterixalus Hyperolius Phlyctimantis chemical communication gular gland anatomy histology pheromones; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEStarnberger, Iris Poth, Dennis Peram, Pardha Saradhi Schulz, Stefan Vences, Miguel Knudsen, Jette Barej, Michael F Rodel, Mark-Oliver Walzl, Manfred Hodl, Walter eng P 25612/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria England 2013/11/28 Biol J Linn Soc Lond. 2013 Dec 1; 110(4):828-38. doi: 10.1111/bij.12167" |
