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PLoS One

Title:		"Subterranean, herbivore-induced plant volatile increases biological control activity of multiple beneficial nematode species in distinct habitats"
Author(s):		Ali JG; Alborn HT; Campos-Herrera R; Kaplan F; Duncan LW; Rodriguez-Saona C; Koppenhofer AM; Stelinski LL;
Address:		"Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America"
Journal Title:		PLoS One
Year:		2012
Volume:		20120627
Issue:		6
Page Number:		e38146 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pone.0038146
ISSN/ISBN:		1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)
Abstract:		"While the role of herbivore-induced volatiles in plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions is well documented aboveground, new evidence suggests that belowground volatile emissions can protect plants by attracting entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). However, due to methodological limitations, no study has previously detected belowground herbivore-induced volatiles in the field or quantified their impact on attraction of diverse EPN species. Here we show how a belowground herbivore-induced volatile can enhance mortality of agriculturally significant root pests. First, in real time, we identified pregeijerene (1,5-dimethylcyclodeca-1,5,7-triene) from citrus roots 9-12 hours after initiation of larval Diaprepes abbreviatus feeding. This compound was also detected in the root zone of mature citrus trees in the field. Application of collected volatiles from weevil-damaged citrus roots attracted native EPNs and increased mortality of beetle larvae (D. abbreviatus) compared to controls in a citrus orchard. In addition, field applications of isolated pregeijerene caused similar results. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that pregeijerene increased pest mortality by attracting four species of naturally occurring EPNs in the field. Finally, we tested the generality of this root-zone signal by application of pregeijerene in blueberry fields; mortality of larvae (Galleria mellonella and Anomala orientalis) again increased by attracting naturally occurring populations of an EPN. Thus, this specific belowground signal attracts natural enemies of widespread root pests in distinct agricultural systems and may have broad potential in biological control of root pests"
Keywords:		"Animals Citrus/metabolism/*parasitology Ecosystem Feeding Behavior/drug effects Food Chain Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Herbivory Host-Parasite Interactions Hydrocarbons, Cyclic/*metabolism Larva/physiology *Pest Control, Biological Plant Extracts;"
Notes:		"MedlineAli, Jared G Alborn, Hans T Campos-Herrera, Raquel Kaplan, Fatma Duncan, Larry W Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar Koppenhofer, Albrecht M Stelinski, Lukasz L eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2012/07/05 PLoS One. 2012; 7(6):e38146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038146. Epub 2012 Jun 27"