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Toxins (Basel)

Title:		2-Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate Exerts Antifungal Activity against Alternaria alternata by Affecting Membrane Integrity and Mycotoxin Production
Author(s):		Zhang M; Li Y; Bi Y; Wang T; Dong Y; Yang Q; Zhang T;
Address:		"College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"
Journal Title:		Toxins (Basel)
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200215
Issue:		2
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/toxins12020124
ISSN/ISBN:		2072-6651 (Electronic) 2072-6651 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important diseases of pear fruit during storage. Isothiocyanates are known as being strong antifungal compounds in vitro against different fungi. The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effects of the volatile compound 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (2-PEITC) against A. alternata in vitro and in pear fruit, and to explore the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The in vitro results showed that 2-PEITC significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of A. alternata-the inhibitory effects showed a dose-dependent pattern and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.22 mM. The development of black spot rot on the pear fruit inoculated with A. alternata was also significantly decreased by 2-PEITC fumigation. At 1.22 mM concentration, the lesion diameter was only 39% of that in the control fruit at 7 days after inoculation. Further results of the leakage of electrolyte, increase of intracellular OD(260), and propidium iodide (PI) staining proved that 2-PEITC broke cell membrane permeability of A. alternata. Moreover, 2-PEITC treatment significantly decreased alternariol (AOH), alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN) contents of A. alternata. Taken together, these data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the antifungal effect of 2-PEITC against A. alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity"
Keywords:		"Alternaria/*drug effects/metabolism/physiology Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Food Contamination/*prevention & control Fruit/microbiology Germi;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Miao Li, Yongcai Bi, Yang Wang, Tiaolan Dong, Yupeng Yang, Qian Zhang, Tingting eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2020/02/23 Toxins (Basel). 2020 Feb 15; 12(2):124. doi: 10.3390/toxins12020124"