| Title: | Genomic Analyses of Penicillium Species Have Revealed Patulin and Citrinin Gene Clusters and Novel Loci Involved in Oxylipin Production |
| Author(s): | Yin G; Zhao H; Pennerman KK; Jurick WM; Fu M; Bu L; Guo A; Bennett JW; |
| Address: | "Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China. Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Athens, GA 30605, USA. Food Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2309-608X (Electronic) 2309-608X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Blue mold of apple is caused by several different Penicillium species, among which P. expansum and P. solitum are the most frequently isolated. P. expansum is the most aggressive species, and P. solitum is very weak when infecting apple fruit during storage. In this study, we report complete genomic analyses of three different Penicillium species: P. expansum R21 and P. crustosum NJ1, isolated from stored apple fruit; and P. maximae 113, isolated in 2013 from a flooded home in New Jersey, USA, in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Patulin and citrinin gene cluster analyses explained the lack of patulin production in NJ1 compared to R21 and lack of citrinin production in all three strains. A Drosophila bioassay demonstrated that volatiles emitted by P. solitum SA and P. polonicum RS1 were more toxic than those from P. expansum and P. crustosum strains (R27, R11, R21, G10, and R19). The toxicity was hypothesized to be related to production of eight-carbon oxylipins. Putative lipoxygenase genes were identified in P. expansum and P. maximae strains, but not in P. crustosum. Our data will provide a better understanding of Penicillium spp. complex secondary metabolic capabilities, especially concerning the genetic bases of mycotoxins and toxic VOCs" |
| Keywords: | Penicillium crustosum Penicillium expansum Penicillium maximae genomic analyses lipoxygenase mycotoxin volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEYin, Guohua Zhao, Hui Pennerman, Kayla K Jurick, Wayne M 2nd Fu, Maojie Bu, Lijing Guo, Anping Bennett, Joan W eng ZDKJ201901/Major Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province/ Switzerland 2021/09/29 J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Sep 9; 7(9):743. doi: 10.3390/jof7090743" |
