| Title: | Characterization of the Volatile Compounds in Camellia oleifera Seed Oil from Different Geographic Origins |
| Author(s): | Wang J; Tang X; Chu Q; Zhang M; Zhang Y; Xu B; |
| Address: | "Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules27010308 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatile flavor of edible oils is an important quality index and factor affecting consumer choice. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize virgin Camellia oleifera seed oil (VCO) samples from different locations in southern China in terms of their volatile compounds to show the classification of VCO with respect to geography. Different samples from 20 producing VCO regions were collected in 2020 growing season, at almost the same maturity stage, and processed under the same conditions. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer system (GC-MS) was used to analyze volatile compounds. A total of 348 volatiles were characterized, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, alkenes, alkanes, furans, phenols, and benzene; the relative contents ranged from 7.80-58.68%, 1.73-12.52%, 2.91-37.07%, 2.73-46.50%, 0.99-12.01%, 0.40-14.95%, 0.00-27.23%, 0.00-3.75%, 0.00-7.34%, and 0.00-1.55%, respectively. The VCO geographical origins with the largest number of volatile compounds was Xixiangtang of Guangxi (L17), and the least was Beireng of Hainan (L19). A total of 23 common and 98 unique volatile compounds were detected that reflected the basic and characteristic flavor of VCO, respectively. After PCA, heatmap and PLS-DA analysis, Longchuan of Guangdong (L8), Qingshanhu of Jiangxi (L16), and Panlong of Yunnan (L20) were in one group where the annual average temperatures are relatively low, where annual rainfalls are also low. Guangning of Guangdong (L6), Yunan of Guangdong (L7), Xingning of Guangdong (L9), Tianhe of Guangdong (L10), Xuwen of Guangdong (L11), and Xiuying of Hainan (L18) were in another group where the annual average temperatures are relatively high, and the altitudes are low. Hence, volatile compound distributions confirmed the differences among the VCO samples from these geographical areas, and the provenance difference evaluation can be carried out by flavor" |
| Keywords: | Camellia/*chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Geography Plant Oils/analysis/*chemistry Seeds/*chemistry Solid Phase Microextraction Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/*chemistry Camellia oleifera seed oil Hs-spme/gc-ms geographical classificat; |
| Notes: | "MedlineWang, Jing Tang, Xuxiao Chu, Qiulu Zhang, Mengyu Zhang, Yingzhong Xu, Baohua eng 2019A1515011904/Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ 2018KJCX036/the Forestry Science and Technology Innovational Project of Guangdong Province/ 31901271/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ Switzerland 2022/01/12 Molecules. 2022 Jan 4; 27(1):308. doi: 10.3390/molecules27010308" |
