| Title: | Emission of herbivore elicitor-induced sesquiterpenes is regulated by stomatal aperture in maize (Zea mays) seedlings |
| Author(s): | Seidl-Adams I; Richter A; Boomer KB; Yoshinaga N; Degenhardt J; Tumlinson JH; |
| Address: | "Center of Chemical Ecology, Entomology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1365-3040 (Electronic) 0140-7791 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Maize seedlings emit sesquiterpenes during the day in response to insect herbivory. Parasitoids and predators use induced volatile blends to find their hosts or prey. To investigate the diurnal regulation of biosynthesis and emission of induced sesquiterpenes, we applied linolenoyl-L-glutamine (LG) to maize seedlings in the morning or evening using a cut-stem assay and tracked farnesene emission, in planta accumulation, as well as transcript levels of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 3 (ZmFPPS3) and terpene synthase10 (ZmTPS10) throughout the following day. Independent of time of day of LG treatment, maximum transcript levels of ZmFPPS3 and ZmTPS10 occurred within 3-4 h after elicitor application. The similarity between the patterns of farnesene emission and in planta accumulation in light-exposed seedlings in both time courses suggested unobstructed emission in the light. After evening induction, farnesene biosynthesis increased dramatically during early morning hours. Contrary to light-exposed seedlings dark-kept seedlings retained the majority of the synthesized farnesene. Two treatments to reduce stomatal aperture, dark exposure at midday, and abscisic acid treatment before daybreak, resulted in significantly reduced amounts of emitted and significantly increased amounts of in planta accumulating farnesene. Our results suggest that stomata not only play an important role in gas exchange for primary metabolism but also for indirect plant defences" |
| Keywords: | Animals Glutamine/*pharmacology Herbivory Insecta/*physiology Plant Transpiration Seedlings/metabolism Sesquiterpenes/*metabolism Zea mays/chemistry/*metabolism Gc-fid Zea mays ZmFPPS3 ZmTPS10 diurnal emission farnesene herbivore-induced plant volatiles l; |
| Notes: | "MedlineSeidl-Adams, I Richter, A Boomer, K B Yoshinaga, N Degenhardt, J Tumlinson, J H eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2014/04/15 Plant Cell Environ. 2015 Jan; 38(1):23-34. doi: 10.1111/pce.12347. Epub 2014 May 13" |
