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Plant Dis

Title:		Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of VOCs Produced by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Author(s):		Qiu R; Qu D; Trengove R; Agarwal M; Hardy G; Ren Y;
Address:		"College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150 Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, ACT 2617. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling. Separation Science & Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia; WA Node of Metabolomics Australia. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch; Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, ACT 2617. Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management (CPSM), School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch; Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, ACT 2617. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch; Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court South Perth, WA 6151; Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, ACT 2617"
Journal Title:		Plant Dis
Year:		2014
Volume:		98
Issue:		8
Page Number:		1099 - 1105
DOI:		10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0049-RE
ISSN/ISBN:		0191-2917 (Print) 0191-2917 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Phytophthora cinnamomi-infected lupin seedlings were collected by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The sampling was done 28 to 44, 52 to 68, and 76 to 92 h after inoculation (HAI). The HS-SPME samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to assess the differences in volatile compounds between the P. cinnamomi-infected lupin seedlings and the control. Three specific peaks were identified after 52 to 68 h with the infected lupin seedlings, at which time there were no visible aboveground symptoms of infection. Subsequently, the VOCs of five different substrates (V8A, PDA, lupin seedlings, soil, and soil + lupin seedlings) infected with P. cinnamomi and the corresponding controls were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 87 VOCs were identified. Of these, the five most abundant that were unique to all five inoculated substrates included: 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-ethylphenol, butyrolactone, phenylethyl alcohol, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Therefore, these metabolites can be used as markers for the identification of P. cinnamomi in different growing environments. Some VOCs were specific to a particular substrate; for example, 2,4,6-rrimethyl-heptanes, dl-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, dimethyl trisulfide, 6,10-dimethyl- 5,9-undecadien-2-ol, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol were specific to P. cinnamomi + V8A; heptanes and 5-methyl-3-heptaneone were specific to P. cinnamomi + PDA; 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, 2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester, and ethyl ester 2-methyl-butanoic acid were specific to P. cinnamomi-inoculated lupin seedlings; and benzyl alcohol and 4-ethyl-1, 2-dimethoxybenzene were only detected in the headspace of inoculated soil + lupin seedlings. Results from this investigation have multiple impacts as the volatile organic profiles produced by the pathogen can be utilized as an early warning system to detect the pathogen from contaminated field soil samples. Data from this investigation have also illuminated potential metabolic pathways utilized by the oomycete during infection which may serve as potential targets for the development of specific control strategies"
Keywords:
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEQiu, Rui Qu, Dong Trengove, Robert Agarwal, Manjree Hardy, Giles E St J Ren, Yonglin eng 2014/08/01 Plant Dis. 2014 Aug; 98(8):1099-1105. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0049-RE"