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J Econ Entomol

Title:		"Comparisons of Efficiency of Two Formulations of Verbenone (4, 6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one) for Protecting Whitebark Pine, Pinus albicaulis (Pinales: Pinaceae) From Mountain Pine Beetle (Colopetera: Curculionidae)"
Author(s):		Progar RA; Fettig CJ; Munson AS; Mortenson LA; Snyder CL; Kegley SJ; Cluck DR; Steed BE; Mafra-Neto A; Rinella MJ;
Address:		"Sustainable Forest Management Research, USDA Forest Service, SW, Washington, DC. Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Davis, CA. Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Ogden, UT. Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Placerville, CA. Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Redding, CA. Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Coeur d'Alene, ID. Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Susanville, CA. Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, MT. ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA. Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT"
Journal Title:		J Econ Entomol
Year:		2021
Volume:		114
Issue:		1
Page Number:		209 - 214
DOI:		10.1093/jee/toaa289
ISSN/ISBN:		1938-291X (Electronic) 0022-0493 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis Engelm., is a subalpine tree endemic to western North America. This species provides multiple ecosystem services and is suffering widespread mortality from mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. Verbenone is a pheromone produced as D. ponderosae feed, and high air concentrations of verbenone deter D. ponderosae from colonizing trees. Synthetic verbenone has been formulated into products used to prevent D. ponderosae from colonizing trees. We compared the ability of verbenone pouches and SPLAT Verb to protect individuals and small stands of P. albicaulis. With individual trees in Montana, all treated trees survived regardless of verbenone formulation and rate, whereas untreated trees suffered 70 and 90% mortality in 2015 and 2016. In plot experiments in California from 2015 to 2017, and Oregon from 2015 to 2018, verbenone was applied to trees spaced ~10 m apart, and survival of small (12.7-23 cm DBH = diameter at 1.37 m height), medium (23.1-33 cm DBH) and large (>33 cm DBH) trees was compared. In California, where >80% of untreated trees survived, pouches increased survival ~2 to 3% and SPLAT Verb increased survival ~4 to 7% regardless of tree size. In Oregon, verbenone pouches and SPLAT Verb performed similarly on medium and small trees, but large trees had greater survival when treated with SPLAT Verb (~93%) than pouches (~82%). Compared to verbenone pouches, SPLAT Verb appears to better protect P. albicaulis from D. ponderosae"
Keywords:		Animals Bicyclic Monoterpenes *Coleoptera Ecosystem Montana North America Oregon *Pinaceae Pinales *Pinus Terpenes/pharmacology *Weevils SPLAT Verb semiochemical tree protection verbenone pouch;
Notes:		"MedlineProgar, Robert A Fettig, Christopher J Munson, A Steven Mortenson, Leif A Snyder, Cynthia L Kegley, Sandra J Cluck, Daniel R Steed, Brytten E Mafra-Neto, Agenor Rinella, Matthew J eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2021/02/10 J Econ Entomol. 2021 Feb 9; 114(1):209-214. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa289"