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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		"Health risk assessment of odors emitted from urban wastewater pump stations in Tianjin, China"
Author(s):		Niu ZG; Xu SY; Gong QC;
Address:		"School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China, nzg@tju.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2014
Volume:		20140511
Issue:		17
Page Number:		10349 - 10360
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-014-2984-7
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In order to evaluate the potential adverse health effects of odor emissions from wastewater pump stations (WWPSs) to human, a health risk assessment was performed to study the odors emitted from an urban WWPS in a residential area, Tianjin (in North China). First, 15 types of volatile organic compounds in the WWPS were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Next, Monte Carlo probabilistic modeling was applied to evaluate the potential health effects of four odors (chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide), which had higher concentrations. The results revealed that the 95th percentile of the total non-carcinogenic risk was approximately 1.73, which poses a threat to human health. In addition, hydrogen sulfide had the highest non-carcinogenic risk value of the four; the hazard quotient of hydrogen sulfide was estimated to be 1.60 at the 95th percentile, higher than the upper confidence limit (1.0). The 95th percentile of the carcinogenic risk was approximately 5.47E-08, much lower than the maximum acceptable level (1.0E-06). Finally, the influence of the input variables on the output was evaluated using sensitivity analysis, and contaminant concentration, reference concentration, and inhalation unit risk were the most influential variables"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*analysis China Health Humans Odorants/*analysis Risk Assessment/methods Wastewater/*chemistry;
Notes:		"MedlineNiu, Zhi-Guang Xu, Shi-Ying Gong, Qing-Chao eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany 2014/05/13 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Sep; 21(17):10349-60. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2984-7. Epub 2014 May 11"