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J Environ Manage

Title:		Emissions of volatile organic compounds during the ship-loading of petroleum products: Dispersion modelling and environmental concerns
Author(s):		Milazzo MF; Ancione G; Lisi R;
Address:		"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: mfmilazzo@unime.it. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy; Messinambiente S.p.A., via Salandra s.n., 98124, Messina, Italy"
Journal Title:		J Environ Manage
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170922
Issue:		Pt 1
Page Number:		637 - 650
DOI:		10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.045
ISSN/ISBN:		1095-8630 (Electronic) 0301-4797 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Emissions due to ship-loading of hydrocarbons are currently not addressed neither by the Directive on the integrated pollution prevention or by other environmental regulations. The scope of this study is to point towards the environmental and safety concerns associated with such emissions, even if proper attention has not been given to this issue until now. In order to achieve this goal, the modelling of the emission volatile organic compounds (VOC), due to ship-load operations at refineries has been made by means of the definition of a simulation procedure which includes a proper treatment of the hours of calm. Afterwards, a quantitative analysis of VOC dispersion for an Italian case-study is presented with the primary aims: (i) to develop and verify the validity of the approach for the modelling of the emission sources and of the diffusion of these contaminants into the atmosphere by a proper treatment of the hours of calm and (ii) to identify their contribution to the total VOC emitted in a typical refinery. The calculated iso-concentration contours have also been drawn on a map and allowed the identification of critical areas for people protecting by the adoption of abatement solutions"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*analysis *Environmental Monitoring/methods Hydrocarbons/*analysis Petroleum/*analysis Ships *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Dispersion modelling Environmental protection Pollutant Ship-loading VOC emission;
Notes:		"MedlineMilazzo, Maria Francesca Ancione, Giuseppa Lisi, Roberto eng England 2017/09/25 J Environ Manage. 2017 Dec 15; 204(Pt 1):637-650. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.045. Epub 2017 Sep 22"