| Title: | "Emissions and toxic units of solvent, monomer and additive residues released to gaseous phase from latex balloons" |
| Author(s): | Marc M; Tsakovski S; Tobiszewski M; |
| Address: | "Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: marmarc@pg.edu.pl. Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia, 1164, Bulgaria. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110700 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1096-0953 (Electronic) 0013-9351 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "This study describes the VOCs emissions from commercially available latex balloons. Nine compounds are determined to be emitted from 13 types of balloons of different colors and imprints in 30 and 60 degrees C. The average values of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) emitted from studied samples ranged from 0.054 up to 7.18 mug g(-1) and from 0.27 up to 36.11 mug g(-1) for 30 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively. The dataset is treated with principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple curve resolution (MCR) to characterize its internal patterns. Here two groups on compounds are recognized - the first one related to balloon material, the second one being emissions of compounds previously adsorbed on balloon material. The toxicity assessment of MCR modeled balloons' emissions was performed by toxic unit (TU) approach. The obtained TUs were summed to give toxicity emission assessment. The incorporation of TUs allows to identify the balloons with the most toxic emissions- imprinted ones in 60 degrees C. The compounds of the highest TUs are hexanal and benzene. FTIR analysis shows that all balloons are made of the same polymeric material - isoprene, so all differences in emissions are related to different additives like pigments, imprints or these responsible for opaqueness. Analyzing the obtained research results it was noticed that latex balloons might be considered as an important source of emission of aliphatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons to the gaseous phase" |
| Keywords: | *Air Pollutants/analysis/toxicity Gases Latex Solvents *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/toxicity Emissions Latex balloons Multiple curve resolution Solvent and monomer residues Toxic units; |
| Notes: | "MedlineMarc, Mariusz Tsakovski, Stefan Tobiszewski, Marek eng Netherlands 2021/01/22 Environ Res. 2021 Apr; 195:110700. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110700. Epub 2021 Jan 19" |
