| Title: | Labeling Feral Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Populations With Rubidium |
| Author(s): | MacKinnon W; Eveleigh E; Silk P; Forbes G; |
| Address: | "Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada (wayne.mackinnon@canada.ca; eldon.eveleigh@canada.ca; peter.silk@canada.ca; glen.forbes@canada.ca), and wayne.mackinnon@canada.ca. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada (wayne.mackinnon@canada.ca; eldon.eveleigh@canada.ca; peter.silk@canada.ca; glen.forbes@canada.ca), and" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1938-2936 (Electronic) 0046-225X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Rubidium (Rb) is a trace element that occurs naturally in low concentrations and is easily absorbed by plants, making it a useful tool for labeling insect defoliators, such as spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens). Balsam fir trees (Abies balsamea (L.) Miller) injected with either 8 or 16 g per tree of rubidium chloride (RbCl) showed quick uptake and distribution throughout the crown, with no negative effects on tree shoot growth or spruce budworm survival and development. Adult spruce budworm that fed as larvae on trees injected with RbCl were clearly labeled, with significantly higher Rb concentrations than the background levels found in adults that fed as larvae on control trees. Rb concentrations in feral spruce budworm adults for both the 8 g (9 microg/g) and 16 g (25 microg/g) per tree treatments were at least five times lower than those in laboratory-reared adults on 1,000 microg/g RbCl diet (125 microg/g); survival, development, pupal weight, sex ratio, and mating status of spruce budworm were not adversely affected by Rb treatment. Egg masses laid by feral females that fed as larvae on Rb-labeled trees were also labeled with Rb. Injecting trees with RbCl is a viable technique for labeling feral spruce budworm populations to help distinguish local populations from immigrants to better evaluate the success of early intervention strategies such as mating disruption" |
| Keywords: | "Abies/*metabolism Animals California Chlorides/*metabolism Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Larva/growth & development/metabolism Longevity Male Moths/growth & development/*metabolism Pupa/growth & development/metabolism Rubidium/*metabolism insect;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineMacKinnon, Wayne Eveleigh, Eldon Silk, Peter Forbes, Glen eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2016/02/28 Environ Entomol. 2016 Apr; 45(2):427-35. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvw009. Epub 2016 Feb 26" |
