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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Millipede Defensive Compounds Are a Double-Edged Sword: Natural History of the Millipede-Parasitic Genus Myriophora Brown (Diptera: Phoridae)
Author(s):		Hash JM; Millar JG; Heraty JM; Harwood JF; Brown BV;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. jhash001@ucr.edu. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. , 2847 Gordon Street, Honolulu, HI, USA. Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170111
Issue:		2
Page Number:		198 - 206
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-016-0815-7
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Toxic defensive secretions produced by millipedes in the orders Julida, Spirobolida, Spirostreptida, and Polydesmida are highly repellent to most vertebrate and invertebrate natural enemies, but a few insects have evolved mechanisms to overcome these defenses. We demonstrate that highly specialized parasitic phorid flies in the species-rich genus Myriophora use volatile millipede defensive compounds as kairomones for host location. Of the two predominant quinone components in the defensive blend of juliform millipedes, 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone alone was sufficient to attract adult flies of both sexes; however, a combination of 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone increased attractiveness nearly threefold. We further discuss oviposition behavior, adult and larval feeding habits, life history parameters, and the potential competitive interactions between phorid flies in the genus Myriophora and other millipede-associated insects"
Keywords:		Animals Arthropods/metabolism/*parasitology Diptera/physiology Feeding Behavior/physiology *Host-Parasite Interactions Oviposition/physiology Pheromones/*metabolism Quinones/*metabolism Allomone Behavior Benzoquinone Chemical ecology Diplopoda Host locati;
Notes:		"MedlineHash, John M Millar, Jocelyn G Heraty, John M Harwood, James F Brown, Brian V eng 2017/01/13 J Chem Ecol. 2017 Feb; 43(2):198-206. doi: 10.1007/s10886-016-0815-7. Epub 2017 Jan 11"