| Title: | The electronic nose technology in clinical diagnosis: A systematic review |
| Author(s): | Farraia MV; Cavaleiro Rufo J; Paciencia I; Mendes F; Delgado L; Moreira A; |
| Address: | "Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto & Centro Hospitalar Universitario de S. Joao EPE, Porto. EPIUnit-Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto. Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI). Imunologia Basica e Clinica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto. Departamento de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitario S. Joao EPE, Porto. Faculdade de Ciencias da Nutricao e Alimentacao da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal" |
| DOI: | 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000042 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2444-8672 (Electronic) 2444-8664 (Print) 2444-8664 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are end products of human metabolism (normal and disease-associated) that can be mainly excreted in breath, urine, and feces. Therefore, VOC can be very useful as markers of diseases and helpful for clinicians since its sampling is noninvasive, inexpensive, and painless. Electronic noses, or eNoses, provide an easy and inexpensive way to analyze gas samples. Thus, this device may be used for diagnosis, monitoring or phenotyping diseases according to specific breathprints (breath profile). OBJECTIVE: In this review, we summarize data showing the ability of eNose to be used as a noninvasive tool to improve diagnosis in clinical settings. METHODS: A PRISMA-oriented search was performed in PubMed and Cochrane Library. Only studies performed in humans and published since 2000 were included. RESULTS: A total of 48 original articles, 21 reviews, and 7 other documents were eligible and fully analyzed. The quality assessment of the selected studies was conducted according to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. Airway obstructive diseases were the most studied and Cyranose 320 was the most used eNose. CONCLUSIONS: Several case-control studies were performed to test this technology in diverse fields. More than a half of the selected studies showed good accuracy. However, there are some limitations regarding sampling methodology, analysis, reproducibility, and external validation that need to be standardized. Additionally, it is urgent to test this technology in intend-to-treat populations. Thus, it is possible to think in the contribution of VOC analysis by eNoses in a clinical setting" |
| Keywords: | breathomics diagnosis electronic nose volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEFarraia, Mariana Valente Cavaleiro Rufo, Joao Paciencia, Ines Mendes, Francisca Delgado, Luis Moreira, Andre eng Review 2020/01/14 Porto Biomed J. 2019 Jul 22; 4(4):e42. doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000042. eCollection 2019 Jul-Aug" |
