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Chemosphere

Title:		Developing a multimedia model of chemical dynamics in an urban area
Author(s):		Diamond ML; Priemer DA; Law NL;
Address:		"Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada. diamond@geog.utoronto.ca"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2001
Volume:		44
Issue:		7
Page Number:		1655 - 1667
DOI:		10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00509-9
ISSN/ISBN:		0045-6535 (Print) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"A multimedia model has been developed to account for the movement of semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) in an urban environment. The model, based on a Level III fugacity model of D. Mackay (Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1991), consists of six compartments: air, surface water, sediment, soil, vegetation, and an organic film that coats impervious surfaces. The latter is a newly identified compartment into which gas-phase SOCs partition and particle-phase SOCs are believed to be efficiently captured (M.L. Diamond, S.E. Gingrich, K. Fertuck, B.E. McCarry, G.A. Stern, B. Billeck, B. Grift, D. Brooker, T.D. Yager, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34 (2000a), 2900-2908). The model, parameterized for downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and run with an illustrative emission rate for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and homologues of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, indicates that the film achieves the highest concentrations among media but that soils are the greatest sink for all but the least hydrophobic chemicals. The film 'reflects' the more volatile chemicals into air, facilitates removal to surface waters by wash-off, and provides a surface on which photolytic degradation can occur. As such, the film is a transient sink that increases chemical mobility in urban areas by increasing air concentrations and the cycling of these compounds between air and urban surfaces and increasing water concentrations. Vegetation also accumulates SOCs, a portion of which is transferred to soil that reduces chemical mobility"
Keywords:		"Air Movements *Cities *Environmental Pollutants Forecasting *Models, Chemical *Multimedia Organic Chemicals Photolysis Plants *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Volatilization Water Movements;"
Notes:		"MedlineDiamond, M L Priemer, D A Law, N L eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2001/09/08 Chemosphere. 2001 Sep; 44(7):1655-67. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00509-9"