| Title: | Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats |
| Author(s): | Kashiwayanagi M; Miyazono S; Osada K; |
| Address: | "Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00391 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2405-8440 (Print) 2405-8440 (Electronic) 2405-8440 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Urine excreted from the common grey wolf (Canis lupus) contains a kairomone, inducing fear-related behaviors in various mammals. Numerous fear-inducing substances activate neurons at the main and/or accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that the mixture of pyrazine analogues (P-mix) contained in wolf urine induced avoidance and fear-related behaviors in laboratory mice and Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), a species native to Japan. Exposure to wolf urine or P-mix induced expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal excitation, in the AOB of mice. In the present study, we explored the effects of P-mix on fear-related behaviors and Fos-expression in rats. Exposure to P-mix induced avoidance and immobilization in rats, while that to a mixture of i-amyl acetate, linalool and R(+)-limonene (O-mix), which generate floral and fruity odors, induced avoidance but not immobilization. P-mix but not O-mix increased Fos-immunoreactivity of the AOB, medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus of rats. The present results suggest that P-mix odor induces unlearned fear-related behaviors in rats" |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEKashiwayanagi, Makoto Miyazono, Sadaharu Osada, Kazumi eng England 2017/09/19 Heliyon. 2017 Aug 30; 3(8):e00391. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00391. eCollection 2017 Aug" |
