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Sci Rep

Title:		Electrophysiologically and behaviourally active semiochemicals identified from bed bug refuge substrate
Author(s):		Weeks ENI; Logan JG; Birkett MA; Caulfield JC; Gezan SA; Welham SJ; Brugman VA; Pickett JA; Cameron MM;
Address:		"Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA. eniweeks@ufl.edu. Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Vecotech Ltd, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK. VSN International Ltd, 2 Amberside House, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 4TP, UK. Stats4biol Consultancy, 31 Longcroft Lane, Welwyn Garden City, AL8 6EB, UK. School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200312
Issue:		1
Page Number:		4590 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-020-61368-6
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Bed bugs are pests of public health importance due to their relentless biting habits that can lead to allergies, secondary infections and mental health issues. When not feeding on human blood bed bugs aggregate in refuges close to human hosts. This aggregation behaviour could be exploited to lure bed bugs into traps for surveillance, treatment efficacy monitoring and mass trapping efforts, if the responsible cues are identified. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the bed bug aggregation pheromone. Volatile chemicals were collected from bed bug-exposed papers, which are known to induce aggregation behaviour, by air entrainment. This extract was tested for behavioural and electrophysiological activity using a still-air olfactometer and electroantennography, respectively. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) was used to screen the extract and the GC-EAG-active chemicals, benzaldehyde, hexanal, (E)-2-octenal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, heptanal, (R,S)-1-octen-3-ol, 3-carene, beta-phellandrene, (3E,5E)-octadien-2-one, (E)-2-nonenal, 2-decanone, dodecane, nonanoic acid, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, (E)-2-undecanal and (S)-germacrene D, were identified by GC-mass spectrometry and quantified by GC. Synthetic blends, comprising 6, 16, and 18 compounds, at natural ratios, were then tested in the still-air olfactometer to determine behavioural activity. These aggregation chemicals can be manufactured into a lure that could be used to improve bed bug management"
Keywords:		"Animals Arthropod Antennae/physiology Bedbugs/chemistry/*physiology Behavior, Animal Chromatography, Gas Electrophysiological Phenomena Insect Control Mass Spectrometry Olfactometry/*instrumentation Pheromones/*analysis/chemistry;"
Notes:		"MedlineWeeks, E N I Logan, J G Birkett, M A Caulfield, J C Gezan, S A Welham, S J Brugman, V A Pickett, J A Cameron, M M eng BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2020/03/14 Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 12; 10(1):4590. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61368-6"