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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Identification of host fruit volatiles from hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) attractive to hawthorn-origin Rhagoletis pomonella flies
Author(s):		Nojima S; Linn C; Morris B; Zhang A; Roelofs W;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York 14456, USA"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2003
Volume:		29
Issue:		2
Page Number:		321 - 336
DOI:		10.1023/a:1022677827233
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) were used to identify volatile compounds from hawthorn fruit (Crataegus spp.) acting as behavioral attractants for hawthorn-infesting Rhagoletis pomonella flies. Consistent EAD activity was obtained for six chemicals: ethyl acetate (94.3%), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (4.0%), isoamyl acetate (1.5%), 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene (0.07%), butyl hexanoate (0.01%), and dihydro-beta-ionone (0.10%). In a flight-tunnel bioassay, there was a dose-related increase in the percentage of flies flying upwind to the six-component mixture. Hawthorn-origin flies also made equivalent levels of upwind flight with the synthetic blend and an adsorbent extract of volatiles collected from whole fruit, each containing the same amount of the 3-methylbutan-1-ol compound. Significantly lower levels of upwind flight occurred to a previously identified volatile blend of ester compounds that attracts R. pomonella flies infesting domestic apples, compared with the hawthorn volatile mix. Selected subtraction assays showed further that the four-component mixture of 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, butyl hexanoate, and dihydro-beta-ionone also elicited levels of upwind flight equivalent to the six-component mix. Removal of 3-methylbutan-1-ol from the four-component blend resulted in complete loss of upwind flight behavior. Removal of dihydro-beta-ionone, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, or butyl hexanoate from the four-component mixture resulted in significant decreases in the mean number of upwind flights compared to the four- or six-component mixtures"
Keywords:		"Animals Chemistry Techniques, Analytical Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology Chromatography, Gas Crataegus/*chemistry Electrophysiology Flight, Animal Fruit/chemistry Pheromones/chemistry/*pharmacology *Tephritidae Volatilization;"
Notes:		"MedlineNojima, Satoshi Linn, Charles Jr Morris, Bruce Zhang, Aijun Roelofs, Wendell eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2003/05/10 J Chem Ecol. 2003 Feb; 29(2):321-36. doi: 10.1023/a:1022677827233"