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« Previous AbstractDirect and indirect defences induced by piercing-sucking and chewing herbivores in Medicago truncatula    Next AbstractDoes mycorrhization influence herbivore-induced volatile emission in Medicago truncatula? »

Phytochemistry


Title:Microbial oligosaccharides differentially induce volatiles and signalling components in Medicago truncatula
Author(s):Leitner M; Kaiser R; Rasmussen MO; Driguez H; Boland W; Mithofer A;
Address:"Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Jena, Germany"
Journal Title:Phytochemistry
Year:2008
Volume:20080603
Issue:10
Page Number:2029 - 2040
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.04.019
ISSN/ISBN:0031-9422 (Print) 0031-9422 (Linking)
Abstract:"Plants perceive biotic stimuli by recognising a multitude of different signalling compounds originating from the interacting organisms. Some of these substances represent pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which act as general elicitors of defence reactions. But also beneficial microorganisms like rhizobia take advantage of compounds structurally related to certain elicitors, i.e. Nod-factors, to communicate their presence to the host plant. In a bioassay-based study we aimed to determine to what extent distinct oligosaccharidic signals are able to elicit overlapping responses, including the emission of volatile organic compounds which is mainly considered a typical mode of inducible indirect defence against herbivores. The model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn. was challenged with pathogen elicitors (beta-(1,3)-beta-(1,6)-glucans and N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetylchitotetraose) and two Nod-factors, with one of them being able to induce a nodulation response in M. truncatula. Single oligosaccharidic elicitors caused the emission of volatile organic compounds, mainly sesquiterpenoids. The volatile blends detected were quite characteristic for the applied compounds, which could be pinpointed by multivariate statistical methods. As potential mediators of this response, the levels of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were determined. Strikingly, neither of these phytohormones exhibited changing levels correlating with enhanced volatile emission. All stimuli tested caused an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, whereas nitric oxide accumulation was only effected by elicitors that were equally able to induce volatile emission. Thus, all signalling compounds tested elicited distinct reaction patterns. However, similarities between defence reactions induced by herbivory and pathogen-derived elicitors could be ascertained; but also Nod-factors were able to trigger defence-related reactions"
Keywords:Carbohydrate Conformation Carbohydrate Sequence Medicago truncatula/*drug effects/*metabolism Nitric Oxide/metabolism Oligosaccharides/*chemistry/*pharmacology Phytochrome/metabolism Phytophthora/chemistry Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Signal Transdu;
Notes:"MedlineLeitner, Margit Kaiser, Roland Rasmussen, Martin O Driguez, Hugues Boland, Wilhelm Mithofer, Axel eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2008/06/07 Phytochemistry. 2008 Jul; 69(10):2029-40. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.04.019. Epub 2008 Jun 3"

 
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