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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Chemical water quality in Thailand and its impacts on the drinking water production in Thailand
Author(s):		Kruawal K; Sacher F; Werner A; Muller J; Knepper TP;
Address:		"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2005
Volume:		340
Issue:		1-Mar
Page Number:		57 - 70
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.008
ISSN/ISBN:		0048-9697 (Print) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In Thailand, surface water and groundwater are the main water sources for tap water and drinking water production. Thirty-six different samples from surface waters from Chao Praya and Mae Klong rivers, tap waters, bottled drinking waters, groundwaters and commercial ice cubes from around the Bangkok area were collected. Water samples were also taken from two waterworks in the Chonburi province. The extensive survey showed that, overall in all water samples investigated, there was only a minor pollution which could be traced back to the analyses performed including amongst others total organic carbon, inorganics and heavy metals, pesticides, organochlorine compounds, volatile organic compounds, surfactants, pharmaceuticals and disinfection by-products. However, whenever organic micropollutants could be detected in surface water, such as, e.g. the herbicide atrazine, they were also present in the tap water produced thereof proving that the present treatment steps are not sufficient for removal of such pollutants. The concentration of disinfection by-products was higher in tap water produced from Chao Praya river than from Mae Klong river. Disinfection by-products were also found in bottled drinking water. Commercial ice cubes contained anionic surfactants and their metabolites at elevated concentrations. The data of this study constitute the first set of homogenous data for the chemical water quality and also aid development of new water quality criteria in Thailand"
Keywords:		"Data Collection Disinfection Environmental Monitoring Humans Metals, Heavy/analysis Public Health Quality Control Thailand Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis Water Supply/*standards;"
Notes:		"MedlineKruawal, Kornprabha Sacher, Frank Werner, Andreas Muller, Jutta Knepper, Thomas P eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2005/03/09 Sci Total Environ. 2005 Mar 20; 340(1-3):57-70. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.008"