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Food Res Int

Title:		Characterization of dried and freeze-dried sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) samples with headspace gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and evaluation of an electronic nose discrimination potential
Author(s):		Giungato P; Renna M; Rana R; Licen S; Barbieri P;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Taranto branch, Via Alcide de Gasperi, 74123 Taranto, Italy. Electronic address: pasquale.giungato@uniba.it. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy. Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Via Caggese, 1, 71121 Foggia, Italy. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy"
Journal Title:		Food Res Int
Year:		2019
Volume:		20180802
Issue:
Page Number:		65 - 72
DOI:		10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.067
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-7145 (Electronic) 0963-9969 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Processed samples (air-dried @ 40 and @ 60?ª+ degrees C and freeze-dried) of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.), an autochthonous spice with interesting market potential, were analyzed by headspace gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and classification capabilities of an electronic nose in discriminating between samples with stepwise forward statistics were evaluated as well. Freeze-drying process was the most preservative in terms of limiting darkening without compromising appearance of the final product, providing weight loss of about 85% and water activity below the limit for mold growth issues. Headspace analysis of samples highlighted the presence of 35 volatiles grouped as terpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated terpenes, sesquiterpen hydrocarbons, phenyl propanoids, not-terpenic aldehydes and not-terpenic ketones. Correlations emerged between selected sensors and some detected volatile organic compounds. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis and simple K-nearest neighbors obtained a 100% overall correct classification rate in cross-validation of the electronic nose in classifying samples, whereas stepwise quadratic discriminant analysis and Naive-Bayes gave 93.3%. The sea fennel could be a new interesting spice to launch in the food market and the electronic nose showed the potential to be used in monitoring the industrial process aimed at extending its shelf-life"
Keywords:		Apiaceae/*chemistry Bayes Theorem *Electronic Nose Food Handling Food Supply Freeze Drying *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Ketones/analysis Terpenes/analysis Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Color Crithmum maritimum L.Electronic nose Gas-chromat;
Notes:		"MedlineGiungato, Pasquale Renna, Massimiliano Rana, Roberto Licen, Sabina Barbieri, Pierluigi eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Canada 2019/01/03 Food Res Int. 2019 Jan; 115:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.067. Epub 2018 Aug 2"