| Title: | Appraisal process in sheep (Ovis aries): interactive effect of suddenness and unfamiliarity on cardiac and behavioral responses |
| Author(s): | Desire L; Veissier I; Despres G; Delval E; Toporenko G; Boissy A; |
| Address: | "Unite de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Clermont-Ferrand Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France" |
| DOI: | 10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.280 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0735-7036 (Print) 0021-9940 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Appraisal theories state that an emotion results from an individual's evaluation of a stimulating event, which is based on a set of criteria. Each criterion triggers specific expressions that can be modulated by the outcome of other criteria. The authors analyzed the effects of the criteria of suddenness, unfamiliarity, and their combination on behavioral and cardiac responses in lambs (Ovis aries). Lambs were exposed to a visual stimulus that appeared either rapidly or slowly and was either unfamiliar or familiar. Suddenness induced a startle response and an increase in heart rate. Unfamiliarity induced an orientation response. The combination of suddenness and unfamiliarity enhanced both the heart rate increase and the behavioral orientation response. These results support the hypotheses of specificity and modulation of emotional expressions" |
| Keywords: | "Age Factors Animals *Arousal/drug effects Atenolol Atropine Attention/drug effects Autonomic Nerve Block Awareness/drug effects *Emotions/drug effects Female Habituation, Psychophysiologic *Heart Rate/drug effects *Mental Recall/drug effects Orientation/d;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineDesire, Lara Veissier, Isabelle Despres, Gerard Delval, Eric Toporenko, Gilles Boissy, Alain eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2006/08/09 J Comp Psychol. 2006 Aug; 120(3):280-7. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.280" |
