| Title: | Review of influence of critical operation conditions on by-product/intermediate formation during thermal destruction of PFAS in solid/biosolids |
| Author(s): | Zhang J; Gao L; Bergmann D; Bulatovic T; Surapaneni A; Gray S; |
| Address: | "Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia. Electronic address: Jianhua.zhang@vu.edu.au. Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; South East Water Corporation, PO Box 2268, Seaford, Victoria 3198, Australia. South East Water Corporation, PO Box 2268, Seaford, Victoria 3198, Australia. Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158796 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic organofluorine compounds. Over 4700 PFAS compounds have been produced and used in our daily life since the 1940s. PFAS have received considerable interest because of their toxicity, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and wide existence in the environment. Various treatment methods have been developed to overcome these issues. Thermal treatment such as combustion and pyrolysis/gasification have been employed to treat PFAS contaminated solids and soils. However, short-chain PFAS and/or volatile organic fluorine is produced and emitted via exhaust gas during the thermal treatment. Combustion can achieve complete mineralisation of PFAS at large scale operation using temperatures >1000 degrees C. Pyrolysis has been used in treatment of biosolids and has demonstrated that it could remove PFAS completely from the generated biochar by evaporation and degradation. Although pyrolysis partially degrades PFAS to short-chain fluorine containing organics in the syngas, it could not efficiently mineralise PFAS. Combustion of PFAS containing syngas at 1000 degrees C can achieve complete mineralisation of PFAS. Furthermore, the by-product of mineralisation, HF, should also be monitored due to its low regulated atmospheric discharge values. Alkali scrubbing is normally required to lower the HF concentration in the exhaust gas to acceptable discharge concentrations" |
| Keywords: | Biosolid Combustion Pfas Pyrolysis Thermal treatment; |
| Notes: | "PublisherZhang, Jianhua Gao, Li Bergmann, David Bulatovic, Tamara Surapaneni, Aravind Gray, Stephen eng Review Netherlands 2022/09/18 Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 14; 854:158796. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158796" |
