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Sci Rep

Title:		Silkworms suppress the release of green leaf volatiles by mulberry leaves with an enzyme from their spinnerets
Author(s):		Takai H; Ozawa R; Takabayashi J; Fujii S; Arai K; Ichiki RT; Koeduka T; Dohra H; Ohnishi T; Taketazu S; Kobayashi J; Kainoh Y; Nakamura S; Fujii T; Ishikawa Y; Kiuchi T; Katsuma S; Uefune M; Shimada T; Matsui K;
Address:		"Division of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. Laboratory of Insect Genetics and Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan. Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan. Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. Department of Agrobiological Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan. Division of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. matsui@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp. Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. matsui@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180809
Issue:		1
Page Number:		11942 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-018-30328-6
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In response to herbivory, plants emit a blend of volatile organic compounds that includes green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and terpenoids. These volatiles are known to attract natural enemies of herbivores and are therefore considered to function as an indirect defense. Selection should favor herbivores that are able to suppress these volatile emissions, and thereby make themselves less conspicuous to natural enemies. We tested this possibility for silkworms, which were observed to leave secretions from their spinnerets while feeding on mulberry leaves. When we ablated the spinnerets of silkworms, no secretions were observed. Leaves infested by intact silkworms released smaller amounts of GLVs than leaves infested by ablated silkworms, indicating that the spinneret secretion suppressed GLV production. This difference in GLV emissions was also reflected in the behavioral response of Zenillia dolosa (Tachinidae), a parasitoid fly of silkworms. The flies laid fewer eggs when exposed to the volatiles from intact silkworm-infested leaves than when exposed to the volatiles from ablated silkworm-infested leaves. We identified a novel enzyme in the secretion from the spinneret that is responsible for the GLV suppression. The enzyme converted 13(S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of GLVs, into its keto-derivative in a stereospecific manner. Taken together, this study shows that silkworms are able to feed on mulberry in a stealthy manner by suppressing GLV production with an enzyme in secretions of their spinnerets, which might be a countermeasure against induced indirect defense by mulberry plants"
Keywords:		Animals Bombyx/classification/genetics/*physiology Disease Resistance/physiology Herbivory/*physiology Morus/metabolism/*parasitology Phylogeny Plant Diseases/parasitology Plant Leaves/metabolism/*parasitology Terpenes/chemistry/*metabolism Volatile Organ;
Notes:		"MedlineTakai, Hiroki Ozawa, Rika Takabayashi, Junji Fujii, Saki Arai, Kiriko Ichiki, Ryoko T Koeduka, Takao Dohra, Hideo Ohnishi, Toshiyuki Taketazu, Sakura Kobayashi, Jun Kainoh, Yooichi Nakamura, Satoshi Fujii, Takeshi Ishikawa, Yukio Kiuchi, Takashi Katsuma, Susumu Uefune, Masayoshi Shimada, Toru Matsui, Kenji eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2018/08/11 Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 9; 8(1):11942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30328-6"