| Title: | Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances |
| Author(s): | Pugliese G; Trefz P; Weippert M; Pollex J; Bruhn S; Schubert JK; Miekisch W; Sukul P; |
| Address: | "Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany. Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany. Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany" |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fphys.2022.946401 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1664-042X (Print) 1664-042X (Electronic) 1664-042X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points. Respiratory-cardiac parameters and exhalation of several blood-borne volatiles changed continuously with the course of exercise and increasing workloads. Exhaled volatiles mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic effects and depended on the origin and/or physicochemical properties of the substances. At the maximum workload, endogenous isoprene, methanethiol, dimethylsulfide, acetaldehyde, butanal, butyric acid and acetone concentrations decreased significantly by 74, 25, 35, 46, 21, 2 and 2%, respectively. Observed trends in exogenous cyclohexadiene and acetonitrile mimicked isoprene profile due to their similar solubility and volatility. Assignment of anaerobic threshold was possible via breath acetone. Breathomics enabled instant profiling of physio-metabolic effects and anaerobic thresholds during exercise. Profiles of exhaled volatiles indicated effects from muscular vasoconstriction, compartmental distribution of perfusion, extra-alveolar gas-exchange and energy homeostasis. Sulfur containing compounds and butyric acid turned out to be interesting for investigations of combined diet and exercise programs. Reproducible metabolic breath patterns have enhanced scopes of breathomics in sports science/medicine" |
| Keywords: | anaerobic threshold lactate threshold non-invasive monitoring proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry ventilatory threshold volatile organic comound; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEPugliese, Giovanni Trefz, Phillip Weippert, Matthias Pollex, Johannes Bruhn, Sven Schubert, Jochen K Miekisch, Wolfram Sukul, Pritam eng Switzerland 2022/08/30 Front Physiol. 2022 Aug 12; 13:946401. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946401. eCollection 2022" |
